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D Englih Accidence? :
OR,
- A ſhort and eaſy way for the more!
ſpeedy attaining to the
LATINE TONGUSE:.
$90 framed that young Children may bee
oj 4 excrciſed therein as.ſoon as they can bur indifferently. {
read ENGZISH, and thercby enabled to turn
any Sentence into pureand elegant LATINE. ©
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SAD APCTTOVV DT TOVVTTI-VVOTSVOVVOVOVVTEY
To the READ ER.
Courteous Reader,
<> He ſlow progreſic of Children in their Larning)s
rents, and much gricte and diſcouragement in
Maſters. as I by reaſon of my calling, have had
for ſome yeares experience. The Parents out of
a blind prejudice, loath to ſuſpe& any detec in
their Children, lay the tault upon the Maſters
| negligencs; and the Maſters wcll knowing their
owne,paines and endeavours; impute it to the dulnetle of their Scho-
lars when may be they are leaſt faulty ; And che true ground ofall is,
that an over-haſtie deſire in the Parcnt of his Childs proceeding; and
isan occaſion of frequent complaints in Pa-..
in the Maſter, of ſatisfying that delire,out-runs the capacity of the '
| Child ; and will needs have him over the ſtile( as weſay ) before he
comes at it. Thus the Proverb proves true, Qui nimiam properat, ſerius
abſolvit, The more haſt the worſe ſpeed; for feſtinans canis cecos paris ©
catalos, Haſte makes waſte;and they that begin their journey with Cuts. __ _
ſpeed thepoſt, oft endic with Tom-long the Carrier. Its true, [ome
*. Children are deplorate hebet udinis, & ex quovis ligno non fit Mercurins
yet I conceive thele evills might be quite removed in ſome, and mac
leflened in all,would the Parent but ſhew his diſcretion in not expey
ting too much from tender yeares; and the Maſter his, in fram
his firſt principles ſo,as may bef ſuit with the capacity of his Sehg
Pervenire ad ſummum niſi ex principizs non poteſt, is Qui
xime ; and s facil;oribus eſt incipiendum, is a rule of Method, 1
therefore to the number of many other helpes, madgto facilitat
way of Learning to Children, advcntured to adde thefe few
which (as I hope) madeuſe of according co my following d
will n&t prove altogether unprofitable, |
The reaſon inducing me to this lict}e gw
obſerved RM Children have lc
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| The Epiſtle
ſet to the conſtruing, parſing, 2nd making of Latine, before they ha.'
the leaſt knowledge of their Mother Tongue,or were able at all there.
1 to diſtinguiſh the parts of Speech; ſo that I have had ſome, that
would in conſtruing give me the right Englifh of a Latinc Noune, or
Verb, yet could not then diſtingiſh by the fignification which was the
Nuune, and whigh.wethe Verb. And others that would in parſing
rightly varie a Noune of the Comparative degree;and give me the true
. Engliſh of itz yet ceu!d not then tell me, of what degree of Compari-
ſon it was. I might give more inſtances in this kind,but I ſuppole the
experience of all thoſe who teach young children, will make them
needlefle. |
Now conftruing and making Latine,T conceive reſcmblcs the rear-
Ing ofa building; parſing,and analyſing, the taking of it down; and
what ſucceſſe can we expect in rearing of an houſe ? what danger and
ſpoyle may wenot juſtly feare in the taking it down ? if {auch an
one be put upon either employment,that isſfo farre from knowing the
right uſe and place of every part, that hc is not able to diſtinguiſh one
materiall from another, nor knows a difference betwixt wood” and
Kone. |
My drift and [cope therefore is,to have a childe, ſo well verſt in his
Mothers tongue, before he meddle with Latine,that when hecomes to-
the conftruing of a Latine Authour, he ſhall from the {ſignification of -
his words in con(truing, be in ſome good meaſure able to te]] diftin&-
ly what part of Speech every word is, though he benot able to parſe,
yarie,or give any other account of one word in his leffon 3 and when
heis put to tranſlation, or making of Latine, he ſhall know from his
: bbc what part of Speech every word is,and what Syntaxis,or
ordering it ſhould have in Latine, though in the meane time he never
heard of one Latine word; And this 1 conceive may be in an indifferent
- manner effeed by the Rules of this book, and the Praxis of them,ac-
cording to theſe tollowing diretions.
Let your child, after he can pretty well read his Pcimer, be called
t04he reading of this book, which TI have therefore made al in Engliſh
that ſo theChild may begin with it betimes;and though it cannot be
conceived, he ſhould at the firſt reading underſtand much of the. mat-
tergyet happily fomething may ſlip unawares into his judgment;how-
evefSfor the point of reading he may as wel be exer.ci{ed in this,asano-
- ther Eng th book. And this benefit will further accrew from it, that
. _ _ beiogablEB@read the words, though he doe not underſtand the "mat-
-; be igetrced (when ligegmes to ſaying by heart) of one ofthoſe
1 v7 K - HP,
* three troubles which children are put to, - when: th-y firſt commi*
thing: to memory out of their book;the right reading of their words, -
the underſtanding of the meaning, and-the remembring of both.
\hcn your Child hath once thus gone through the book,and hath
come to an indifferent readinefle in his reading, let him read it over.
yet once again but then 1 would adviſe ſome repay be had of the
matter.& that afterthe reading of his lefſonthe Maſter ſhould require
ſome account of the underſtanding of it, 'by asking him ſome queſti-
on*,a4s he in his diſcretion ſhal'think to tall within the capacity of the
Childe, {uch as either be himſelf will be able to anſwer, orat leaſt to
apprehend the right.an{wer when it is toJd him: as, How many vow=
cls there be: which ofhis letter s are called. vowels. How many parts of
Speech, How many numbers. How many caſes; and the like. £
It at the ſecond times reading the Maſter ſhall conceive his Childs
Judgment and memory in ſome good meaſure ripe enough for Fercing
by heart, let him to that work on Gods name; bur then I would advi
at the firſt going over wichout book,that inch rules be exemipred,as the
Maſter conceives too .high tor the capacity of the*child at- preſent,
chough the necefiity of method give them their due place in the book,
that fo there may be leaſt loſt of time. And now likewiſe the Maſter
may increaſe the number, and order the nature of his Queſtions, as.
*the (hall ſee rhe apprehenſion of the childe able to beare.
Atcer4he firſt going over by heart, the Maſter may require more or
fewer of the formerly exempted rules to be learnt the ſecond time, res
ferring the reſt till atterwards, as he ſhall ſee cauſe, always having a
ſpecial] care of underſtanding the matter, with an equall regard of the -
"childs capacity and apprehenhion.
When thus the child is come to a competent meaſure of judgmentin- -
underſtanding the rules, let kim only ſay a part inthis book, and in
ſtead of a leſſon in ſome Author,goe to the fiſt Praxis of the rul by - |
taking a verſe or two,as ſhal be thought fir, out of the book of Pl
or Proverbs, and diſtinguiſh every part of Speech according to the
ample here annexed.
hen he is come to a reaſonable
perfection in this (which be will
doe in aſhorttime, the former dire&tons being obſerved }thenlet him J..
E -
' « ws
proceed to his ſecond Praxis, conſiſting not only;gn the diftin&ion' of [--
the ſeverall parts of Speech, but in the Syntaxioyd conſtr of
them,and let him give a rule by heart,or atleaſt be ablegg turn to it, -
fur every thing hefſaith, according to the mariner hey A. ) 4 o_
After ſome profitable progrelsn.ghjs ay,lct binihokepr lor
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Fat. part of the day in the pra&ice of it, for feare of loſing what he hath
. -gained; and fo he may proceed to ſome ſhort introduttion to the La-
- tine tongue, Which to avoid prolixity and loſſeof time, ſhould have
s oft gs
= - The Fpiltle, &c}
none of thoſe rules which this book may make necdleſſe;(fuch anone
as if chis Preparatory be accepted, I ſhall beencouragcd ere long to
publiſh )trom thence let Kim with ſpeciall care learn the variation,and
+, . . Diher Accidents of Nounes and Verbs, and be kept ina Vocabulary
' © ©. way, till ſuch time as he be thought fit to make Latine, when he may
*-:::* make ule of thoſe helps which I haveannexed to this Indrodu&ion;
they concern chiefly the Participles of our Engliſh tongue; and ſome,
- ſuch asare morefor connexion then ſignification ; yet ſuch,as I con-
* ceive the greateſt difficulty of turning Engliſh into Latin doth oft con»
- fiſt in them.
And were I worthy to adviſe,I would not have any Child put to the
reading of any Latine, except Vocabularies, nor learne any Latine
Grammar,till by the help oftheſe and ſome other Rules he be in ſome
good meaſure able to make Latine.For this (under corre&ion of bet=
ter Judgments) 1 judge a more certain,eafie, and ſpeedy way to bring
cnildren to the underſtanding ot their Latine tongue, then by ſpen-
ding two or three yeares , or more in Granumar,with little pleaſure to
the Maſter, and lefſe delight orprofit to the Scholar, who receives
hereby lictle improvement in his underſtandiug, and ſometimes is as
wiſe,when he hath gone through his Grammar,as when he firſt begun,
by reaſon of the diiproportion of that which is propoundcd to. be
br learnt, (conſidering the way of learning) and his capacity.
Afd now 1 leave this Book:and theſe Dire&ions very indifferently
- to theuſe or refuſall of all thoſe, whole employment it may be, to
' - teach children their firit Rudiments : onely defiring this candor and
"Ingenuity from all,that they would be pleaſed not to paſle too harth
8 cenſure upon him, whoſe worſt fault in this point is a good inten
eh: Ry *Lion. Vale.
&% ib
Firſt Praxis,
nd 4
The Argument. |
The feare of the Lord is the beginning of Wiſdome : tut footer defpiſ. 1//:/dame Fe: | |
| inſlruGion. | | SY |
Praxis. 7
7he is the figne of a Noune Subſtantive, Feare isa Noune Subſtantive, Of is,
figne of the Genitive caſe. The is figne of a Noune Subſtantive. Lord is @
Noune Subſtantive. Is isa verb, The is the figne ofa Noune Subſtantive.'Bes:
£/2:inn is a Noune Subſtantive. Of is ſigne ot the Gemitive cale. Wiſdeme 152,
Noune Subſtantive, But is a conjunttion. Fooles js a Noigne Subſtantive, Des. if
&;/e is a verbe. Wiſdomeis a Noune Subſtantive. And isa Conunttion: Inſtrus.” |
{#1 is a Noune Subſtantive. Q S.
Second Praxis.
"he Is a ſigne of a Noune; a, ar, and the, be ſignes of Nounes. -- }
care Js a Noune ſubſtantive, becauſeir ſignifies a thing, and cannot
have the word thing put after it, and becauſe the goes betore it. It
:s the ſingular number, becauſe it ſpeakes bat of one, The Nomi- q '
native caſe,becaule it comes before the verb j5,and hath this fighe}
the, beſoreit. Thethird Perſon, Lecauſe all Nouncs and Partict-+
ples be of the third Perſon. IF
Of Istheftigneof the Genitive caſe, becauſe the Genitive* caſe is *-
commonly known-by this figne of. h P RTNES
The Is the figne ofa Noune, becauſe, 2,an, and thebe fgnes of Nong.;#s. |
Lord Is a Noune ſubſtantive, becaule it ſignifies a thing, & cannothaye. +
the word zhing putatter it; and becauſe ze goes b\.uore it, "The -
lingular number, becauſe it ſpeaks but of ongfThe Genitive cafe.
becauſe of between two ſubſtaneives, istF* © gne” thas the'1
{hall be the Genitive caſe. OR.
Is a verb, becauſe ir fignifics/ to 5c; and becauſe when the uſualt” *
{:,,nes of tenſes,arenot.Joyncd to other verbs,t.hez> nr Hen verbs
rem £708; the Indicative mood, becaygt i-tpeakes plainly the”
a thing is; the Preſent tenſe, becauſextTpeakes ofthe rin 14s
i now IS; ie tmgularnumber,and third perſon;to ire with the
Nomin ative cafe feare;becauſe theVerb pcrſonall &821005 Wir]
Nominative caſe in m__ and perſon,
"we *
4
. % F 4
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Is the figne of a Nounets, 41 and1he be fignes of Nounes.
Isa Noune ſubſtantive, becaulc it fignifies a thing, and canno
have the word thing put afterit, and becauſe it hath the figne the ©
before ic. The (ingular number, becauſe it ſpeaks but of one. The
Nominative cafe, becauſeit hath no figne but the;and comes a...r
the Verb Is; torafter Verbs ſubſtantives there commonly tol-
lows a Nominatiyeeafe, and becauſe it belongs to feare; becauſe
EI to the ſame thing, mult be pur in the fame
caſe.
Is the ſigne of the Genitive caſe, becauſe the Genitive caſe is
commonly known by this figne, of.
Is a Noune ſubſtantive, becauſe it ignifies a thing, and cannot
havethe word thing put after it. The lingular number, becauſe ic
fpeakes but of one. The Genitive caſe, becauſe when of,comes be-
tween twoſubſtantives, it is a {igne the latter ſhall be the Ge-
niti* aſe.
Is a ConjunQion, for ſome Conjun&tions be difcrerives,as but.
Is #Noune ſubſtantive, becauſe it lignifies a thing, and cannot
have the word thing put after ic.Plurall number,becauſe it ſpeaks
of morethen one. oactre caie, becauſe it comes before the
Verbe deſpiſe.
Is a Verb, becauſe it ſignifies to doe, for =.Verbe is a part of
ſpeech that ſignifies to doe, to ſuffer, or to be. The Indicative
mood, becaulc it faith plainly, a thing does. Thepreſent tenſe,
becauſe 1t ſpeaks of the time that now is : plurall number, and
third perſon, toagree wich the Nominative calc, fooles; for the
verb agrees with the Nominartive caſe in number and perſon.
Is a Noune ſubſtantive,becaule it ſignifies a thing,and :annot
have the word thing put after it. The Gngular number, becauſe it
ſveaks but of one. The Accuſative caſefol!owing the Verb deſpiſe,
Hor an Accuſative caſe moſt commonly follows a Verb.
+, "Gonjunttion Copulacive,for ſome Conjun&ionsÞ 2 copula»
ti.5, as and: it coupics like C.ſes betweene Wiſdome d Inſtru-
Hin.” :
Is a Noune ſubdintive, becauſc it ſignifies a thing, and cannot
have the word Thingput ater it. The fingular number, becauſe
Ur PRs. ut.of one. The Accuratiye caſe, becauſe and couples
like caſe *«Wixt Wiſdome and Inftr:Giom; for ſome Adverbs of
likeneſſe, & ſome ConjunRions coup: ie caſes; that is rafay,
makethe word following to beput in the {ame cafe with the
word zoiug before. «© Thus
-
\ ; *
: WP ——
-” :
; h
Mm ®* —-
- - =
a
F*T hus I have been long in ſetting downethe Praxis, that ſo my meanir
:might bee more fully underſtood,and two things more Thad forgot to ad
viſe, that thechilde when he comes to his ſeyerall Praxis, aefor hg this]
preſcribed Argument, -ti}l he can perteftly doe it. In the ſecond place, that
when hee begins to make Latine, he be exerciſed in the examples here given Ii
to the Rules,and after thoſe runne over, it it ſeetne good, he may be tet roi
turnethe Rules themſelves into Latine, thas ſo by frequent uſe of the bookeF
pon all occaſions, hemay both better underffind.is, and upon the poine, if
have it almoſt all by heart. _"3F
If any ſhall obie&; that this is a way to bring up Children in Barbariſmes I
and Soleciſmes,and can only teach them to make plaine bald Latine, To hin] Fi,
anſwer, That a Child muſt ficſt learne to go,before he can be taught to dance. WM
And though happily by following theſe Rules he may in making Latine”
fall upon ſome Anliciſaies, yet ſhall thoſe be ſuch, as may -well for a time 4
| be tolerated, conſidering his yeares. Nor is it tobe expe&ed, that a Child at*
\his firſt beginning with Latine, ſhould have ſo much judgafent,as rightly to |
diſtinguiſh the Idiome and propriety of a language. It is a difhculty which : | |
many of riper yeares and judgment, without long time, arequent praftice,” Þ
and diligent obſervation cannot overcome, . + " -
Beſides, I doe not know how in teaching Children in Schooles by Rules, F
this poſſibly can be avoided; for there is a neceſlity of reduci Ruf:s tothe. |
Teaſt number, to avoid all needlefle expence of time, and for feare of «|
over-cha ing and confounding the memories of Children; and there is fugh '*}
a coploninelle
and variety in the ſeverall phraſes and formes of ſpeaking ine +
Language,thatno Rules can reach them all. Indeed, were a Child to' be *,
taught the Latine tongue by diſcourſe without Rules, Angliciſmes might bg +
more avoided, becauſe the ChildThould be taught none; but then he wotild Þ
' beabl.;, ro ſay no more in Latine then he hath beene taught ; and therefors þ#
for his proficiency in it, there will be required more time ſpent, and paines . F
raken, then can with reaſon be expatied in publique Schooles. The incon» . F
veniere then objeted, as I conceive, is, confideratis conſider andis, unayoydas - *
ble, andnot ſo great, but both may be connivedat for a time, andina ſhore |
rime rex oved : and Ibeleeve any man upon tryall, will find it an eaſter taske 4
to teacÞ 7 Child by Rules to makea piece of plaine, bald, dunſtable Latine, .
a!id after to inftra& him for the propriety of his . phraſe, and eleg of
ſtyle, when the Childs judgment is fontewhat riper, and a great cartol the F
worke already done; then to teach him both the Janguapge and the propriery ..?
rh 7 in |
'
of it Logether, Let me adde this more, wee in B -point, args
fo pudentes, as the Poet ſaith, More nice then wiſe, for to breake. Priſcians* *
ead, is {uch a capitall Crime with us, that rather ten we will ſpeake falſe
B | Lattnes |
Lo %-
af m FO ©
= © RS, 2
"'F Latine, orfall
—
al Nations in Europe,cutftripus'in a facility of exprefling themſelves in the
bi : Latine, anddepriveour ſelves of the beſt and readieſtmeanes to procure it,
thatis the frequent uſe and prafti of it:for my part,I like better his coun-
——
F FPuſſum eſſe quod volo, rolo eſſe quod poſſum.
Great letters put alone, ſtand either for whole words, as T. for Titus; A.for Aulus:
on-for numbers: asy/
L. one, V. five, IV.foure,: VT. fixe,: X. ten; IX, nine, XI. eleven, KX. twen-
19, NIX. nineteene, L: fifty, XL. forty, LX. threeſcore, or ſixty, LXMX. threeſeore
. andten, or ſeventy, LX.X ring or eighty, KC. foureſcore and ten, or ninety,
# C.anhundred,' CV an hundred and five, C'X.an hundred and ten. CL. an hundred.
andfifty,, D. five bundred, DC. fix hundred, M. a thouſand. A
. 2
ora Sdleciſine, though in the heat-of diſcourſe (x thing”
q' which the moſt learned often do without diſparagement; in their Mothers 1
{4 Tongue) welet notonly the Scholars,but even many Mechanicks, ofalmoſ *
fell; Vt potes, quandy ut libet, narTicet ; then.that deſperate conclulion, Ei nm.
iS
”.,
'
|
$6224424654- #2423225
S$EPEPPEEESE) TEAS OISEES
7-48
Engl Accidewun
——
— hy A. 4
The Alphabet of Letters.
Here be twenty foure Letters, -
abcdetgniklmnopqrſtuwxyz.
@ome times they are Wzitten in bigger Characters,
and are called CapitallLefters. AF,
ABGDEFGHIKLMNOPQRS.
TVWXYZ.
Note,tbat te firſt wozd of a Sentence,the firſt wozd or a Uerſe,
andebery pzoper Name muſt begin with a great ozcapitall Letter:
minent wozds in a ſentence.
Ker q is alwayes ſet anu;as quart,quell,quill,quondam,quum-
Mvall the Letters, fibe be called Uowels, becauſe they make a
"Ip themſelves, act on, all the retare called Tonſonanfs, 7, theſs. may
becauſe they make no ſound but with a bowel. be added y.
h te Conſonants tþere are foure called liquids, 1 mn r.
> be two which arecalled double Conſonants, x and z,
: reſt,ercept h and {be called Wutes.
Df Waers are made ſyllables.
6 A ſaſable is two o2 m9oze Letters taben fogether, £8 ma-ni-fe-
a-ti-oN.
Sometimes one vowel maketh a ſyllable,as a«ged, e-ver, i-ron,
- Other, u-nite. o
In ſpelling of ſyllables, if a Confonant come between two
bowels, it muſt be jopned with the latter bowel,as de-{o-la-ti-on.
* But if two Confonants come betweene two Uowelsjbne foz the ; © /z
- © moſt part belongs tothe fozmer Uowe!,and TW the latter; ©. 2,
_ © g8im-mor-tall, en-gen-der, mer-ci-full, on "-<_
Coat £ ”-
AIR 4...
%
”
_ _
a "
”
$0 likewiſe in
t. Engliſh y:as,
' your,yeare.
n
Rh
/
The Engliſh Accidence. -
Jf two Uowels come together in the ſame ſpllable, they make |
Dipbthong.,as in haile,heale,au-thour,toile,boule.
Jfjoz v comebefoze themſelbes oz any other Uowe!s, in thc
ſame ſyllable, then are tzep Conſonants; as - Jane, jeſt, jigge, joy,
June,vaine,veale,vige,vow, vulture.
U after q muſt not be regarded as anyUswel, and therefoze ::
befoze u in the ſame ſyllable immediately after q makes not ©
Diphtbong, as equus.
As of Letters are made Syllablee,fo of @yllab'es jopned togetfer
are made Wozds,and of wozds put together ih2re is made ſpeech.
But as one Lefter may ſometimes make a ſyllable,fo detþ one
ſyNable off make a wozd,as vow, vice,man,minde.
re be eight kinds of wozds of Ubich ſpeetÞ ts principally
mad#Whþtt are therefo;e called the parts of Speetþ.
'N
4
Parts of Speech.
The eight parts of @peech be theſe.
Noune., Adverbe,
Pzonoune, Conjunttion, :
RN Uerbe. P2epolition,
Participle, Iniecjedion.
F the eight parts of Speetþ,the Foure firſt are ſaid £ ecti—
ned,Noune, Pronoune, Verbe,and Participle; The pare lat-
ter are ſaid tobe undeclined, Adverbe,ConjunG&ion,ſrapo. ſition,
Interjection. Wh +
Df thoſe foure parts of ſpeech Which are declined, t927+-are de-
clinzd with caſe, without mood and tenſe, Noune, Pror4y,ne, and
Participle; and one is declined with niovd and tenſe, ti; iyvat caſe,
namelp, a Verbe, bo
Of a Noune.
” A Noimeisa bozd that Cgnifiesa thing, or the nature and-
pzopertp of.a thing; as a man, ftone, tree, goed, bad, foule,
faire. : |
There be two ſozts of Nounes, a Noune =ubntive, anda
Payne Bactihe, |
Noune ſubſtantive fignifies the thing it ſe'fe; andtherefo;e
OE... Ln
=
—_
_..—__—.. _
by...
ok
The Englifh Aecidence.
cannof babe the wozd thing put aftcr it,as a man, a tree, a garden,
A Noune adzectibe fignt:iies the nature and pzopertp of a thing,
- and may habe the wo? thing put aftesit, asgood, bad, black ,
' white,faire;foule.
A Noune ſubſtantive commonly may habe a, o2 02 theft befoze it,
and yet needs rot to be jopned with ano[herozd,as a manza tree,
the head,the hand;thCheart.
A Noune Ajective cannot have a,o? the befoze it, unlefle it bee
hoyned with ſome ofher wozd.,as.a good-- a black-=the Oreates
There be iwo ſozts of Nounes Subſtantives, Pzoper and Com-
mon.
A Notine Subſtantive Pzoper, is the pzoper Name by which you
call any particular thing, as Henry, Edward, Mary, Elizabeth,
James,Charles, Gabriel.
A Noune-Subſtzntive Common, is that which you cl ebery
thing of the ſame kind, asa King, a Queene,a Prince,a Mau-;a Wo-
man, an Angel.
- A Noune Subſtantive pzoper alwayes begins witha great Lets
- tcr, andcannot well have a,oz the befoze it,as Alexander. .
A Noune Subſtantive Common may þabe a, oz the befoze it;and
uſiiallp begins with a little letter,as a man, the huvie? /
T_ are alſo Noune Adjectives P;oper,and Noun >jectibes
| oune Adjective Pzoper ts deribed from a noune (bſtantive
Engliſh, French, Spaniſh, Jewiſh,and alwayes begins: |
at Letter,
Adjectibe Common ts nof deribed from a noune Sub-
ttantſhep;oper,and commonly begins with a little letter,as manly, corny F
meekgdu rageous, glorious.
befoze as, an Angehan Army, an Artiſt. tive commons
= 0%, n;2,n,am the be lignes of Nounes.
Numbers of Nounes;
| vor be in Nounes two Numbers, the Singulogand the Plu--
ra
"The Singular Number ſpeakes but of one, aSa man, a childe,-
a tree.
The Elurall Number Thee of moze then one, as men, fhil-
V3 Ao
dren; trees,
>,
4 ,
_
-
| » 4
a,
qo |
.
”
— —— — — - - -
- -
WM. ,
—_— -——
.
ha Y -
* SAGER ey uo oo
UA. *n a Nounebegins with a Wowel, in ſtead ofa; tree put an args 1
_—_— I _— a dl tons. ad
— -——=-
_—
_, eoonyemmrarn —— gon wn Cn RI. agree, <r i
x
{| : The Genetive caſe is commonly known by this ligne of:as, ofa
mango the Maſter.
| atibe caſe is commonly known by this ſigne to: as, to a
k maii,t$the Maſter.
he Engliſt | Accidence, * ie
{he ſingular number commonly may hate a before it: as, a tree,?
adog, aſtone. -
Lbe plurall number cannot habe a befoze it, 3nd commonly puts
S to the lUngular:as, trees, dogs, ſtones, |
i aſes of Nounes, _
T Here be ſix caſes of Nounes in either number.(ix in the fingu-
lar, and fix in the plursll. The Nominative,Genitive,Dative, -
Accuſative, Vocative,Ablative.
The Notntnative caſe cemmonlp commeth tefoze the Uerb, and
batb ns other ſigne but a,ozthe: as,a man,the Maſter,
The Accuſ:tibe mot commonly followeth the Uerbe,and beth no
| . other (igne but a,vz the:as,a man , the Maſter.
| Lhe, Uncative caſe is that by which wee call a thing when wee
|
bpeake,$9 it,and is commonly known by this figne O, 8s O Man,
OGar Eouu,O Maſter.
-Lhe', wative cafe is known- moſt commonly by theſe ſignes, in
| with,by,ugv 1rom:as,in the fire, with a ſword, by labour, from
”_ « danger.
"| q Example ofthe Caſes. Ls
| | ſtone denn. e way, Nom. men. $"E
| tree Gen. of a man. / Gen. of men. ST
4 || ford eo _JDat- to a man. Dat. to men. gy
Tit fie = "ACCU. the mar. = ACC. men. Lg
. danger = O man, Voc. O men. \
| hand A.inwith,from,or by a man Abl. 2s 1] men.
able. 8.
+ b | ” Adjeftive and Subſtantive copether. Wo
1s A great fone Nom, a good ſword { Nom. good ſwords
| A greene tree | Gen. of a good ſword | Gen. of good ſwords
| A cleare fire - | Dat to agyood ſword | < | Dat. to goodſwords
ttt Afffairhand = = ACCU. @ good, þ 7 25 ACCu. good ſwords
FL y" anke table Þ | Voc. O good ſword Voc. O pood ſwords
| i A good oy be. ip, with, from, or Abl. in,with,from, or by
| A juft eſter | ia good ſword. } & good ſwords, ME”
OY Genderg
: -
- F b
6 4
*. ” af F -
: od
i ++.
The' Engliſh Accidence,
.
:
©
*
.
Genders of Nounes,
Þere be ſeben Genders of Noun the Waſculine,the Femi- -
nine.thzz Neuter,the Common of t Zthe. onumn of bee, the
Doubtful, and the Epicene.
A vozdis of the Paſculine Gender, when it can only be joyned By Adjed
” O—_ 77 a 4 7
\
-
© — C—— ——— 4”. ORGY, un _— -
_
ON 2 Im EFT 35 A TT”” Tn————
with Adjectives of the mafculine gender. here, is mea
A wozd is of tle Feminine gender,when ft canonely be joyned Noun, Proe ..
with Adjectives of the Femintne gender. | ,or Pays
>. at - ”-
A Wozd is of the Neuter gender, when it can onely be Joyned tips,
with Adjectives that are of the Neuter gender, that i is, neſther ma-
ſculine no2 feminine,
, A woddisof the Common of two, when ſometimes it fs i8807hed
to an Adjective of the Paſculine gender,and ſometimes 1 Ad-
' Jectibe of the Femininegender. |
A wozd is of th2 Cotnmon of thee, when ſometimes it is ed |
toa tro2dof the Maſculine, ſometimes to-a wozd of the renurya ve,ARG |
ſometimes to a K02d of the Reuter __..... 5
Ano is of the Doubtfull gender, when at any time May bs
joyned to an adjective of the maſculine, 02 an adjective »® >, femt-
nine.
A-wo2d is of the Epicene Gender, when it is joyned Ws to =
adj of the Maſculine, oz only to an adzective of the Neg
nine gember; and yef the wozd doth ligniffe both the hee
Mee,
All %z<e5, oz Males are of the Maſculine gender, as a King, a:
Prince Ear! a Duke,aLord,a Knight,an Horſe,a Dog,a Boare,
4 Bul' "*Fock;a Drake,a Gander,Man,ſon, brother, husband, fa-
- ther, ar;3te ike.
All ”*- goa are of the Feminine gender, as a Queen,
a Princent, a Dutcheſſe, a Counteſſe, a Lady, a Mare, a Bitch, a -
Sow, a ow;an Hen,a Dack,a Gooſe, Woman,mother,daughter, -
fiſter,wife,&c.
When by the ſame woed you name both the hee angebe| ſhee,that
wozd isof the Epicene Gender, as an Affſe, a Bear, al Elephant, .
aMoufe, a _ a Rat; a Sparrow, a Swallow, an 002 an Her-+
ring, a Whale..
s Ow
LY
_
” == OO Tony OTST a
—*
x
j +». ”
.-
\
. $ :
F »
Go of
»{2A.
—
{| Short, Tall,
J
J:
if
|
{i}
ik
|
| js
| Here let the
ee Ee EE
ie Engliſh Accidence,
Compariſon.
De noune Adjectites may be compared -namely.thoſe to which
you map put more,ogmeſRt.
There be thzee-Wogrees of Compariſon,
Lhe firſt js called the Poſitive, the ſecond th? Conparartive,the
Brave,
Foule,
third the Superlative.
F | $re,17:uks, The Poltive ſetsout a thing ſimply without either more 02 leſſe
| White, Blacke, as hard, long, ſweet, great, rich.
1} Hor, Cold, Mhye Comparative lignifies moze then the Poſitive inan bigher
Myft, Dry, ws ye harder or more hard,longer or more long, ſweeter or
more ſweet, greater or more Ereatotieher or more rich,
hardet
||}
lative (ignifies moſt of #1, in the higheſt degree, as
Ir moſt hard,longeſt or mo long, ſweeteſt or moſt {weet
or moſt great, richeſt or moſt ric
ok therefoge you muſt thus compare,hard,harder or more
Child name 1be hard, hardeſt or moſt hard;ſweet, ſweeter or more ſweet, ſweeteſt
- degrees thi, os maſt: = I
£ oc rd el e following adjectives thou ſhalt thus compere, good,
© 97 mare $meet, betrery bad or ill, worſe, worſt little,leſs,leaft;many or much,
the Compara- moreztt.
' rive, Sweeteſt,
, or moſt Sweer, Of Pronouncs. ah
ks # be —_— w
- P2onoune is a part vf Speech much liks toa Fo
There be dibers Pzonounes, as, I,me, we,us,thou, thee,
you, he,him,ſhe, her, it,they, them,this, that, theſe,t ſe,what,
which, who, whoſe, whom, mine, thine, our,your, ougs,yours,
his.hers, their, my, thy,my ſelf,thy ſelf, him(ſelfe,ber fex.,chem-.
| ſelves, our ſelves, your ſelves;to whicþ may be added, w oo
A whatſoever,the ſame,&c.
| "Df pzonoun: s ſome be ©1bſtantibes;and come be Adje bes.
_ _ A Pyzonouneſubltantive, is a Pzonoune that belongs not to ano-
ther wozd anti way - arp me, we, us, thon, thee, you, he, him,
ſhe,her, t th em; theſe be alſo called Perſonals.
Adjectibe isa P2onoune that belongs to anot'er
as this,that, who, whoſe, whom, what, theſe,
ine,thine,my,thy,ou r, yours, his,hergtheir.
of ne adjectives there be thzee kinds, Demonltrative,
Wy] nb Poſſefſive. a
# x
! © - W %
The Englizh Acadence,
A P:onoune Demonſtraf;ve, is a Pzonoune ſhewing 0} pointing
out a thing: as, this,that,theſe,thoſe. /
A P2onoune Relative belongs to. ſomething that went immedi-
ately befoze; as, who,whom,what,which,whoſe.But if a queſtion
be asked by any of theſe ,then are they called Interrogatives. |
A P;onoune Poſleſive telleth whoſe a thing ig6@.aw, mine, thine,
my,thy,our, your,ours,yours,his,her,their.
Note that | her] ts a pzonoune ſubſtantive when it is not joyned
with another wozd,as,Goe te'l[ her; ]but whenif ts jopned with ano-
ther wozd it is a Pzonoune Adjecttve,as.She told | her | mother.
Againe,fome Pzonounes be only of the Nominative caſe, as 1,
he,we,they,ſhe,who; one is of the Genitibe caſe onlp, as whoſs;
ſome be of many caſes,as the reſt.
Likewiſe ſome Pzonounes are only of the ſ\ngular ?, as
],me,thou,thee, he,him,ſhe, her; ſome are alwapes of lurall
number.,as we,us,you,ye,they,them,theſe,thoſe;feme either
-— —— — fo the wozds tþeyare joyned with, oz bolang to,
ASIPETm
In like manner.ſome Pzonouns be always of the maſculine gen-
der, as he, him; ſome be always of the feminine, as ſhe, he er; the
reſt are ſometimes of the maſculine, ſometimes of the £*hinine,
ſometimes of the neuter, accogding to the wozds the wwe joyned
wlth,o2 belong fo,
are mozeober fo be conſidered in Pzonouns thee Per-
af
The firft Perſon ſpeaketþ of bimſelfe alone, ac, I,me; oz of hfm-
ſelfe toget}er with others;as,we-us.
The ſecond Perſon is ſpcken to,eitþer alone, as, thou, thee; oz
togethe? v;thotbers,as, ye,you.
The\-rd Perſon ts ſpoken of, as he, him, ſhe, her, they, them;
and of 1s Perſon are all P2onounes that are not of the firſt and ſe-
cond; as liFewiſe all Nounes and Participles.
Ever 7 Uocative caſe is to be accounted as of the ſecond Perſon.
|
,
-
| |
Prggantie?”.
At"
Po”
The Engliſh Accidence.
Pronouncs are declined with caſes like Nounes.
Examples.
' 'f\Nom.I F ? Nom. we '
Gen,dguet:w# | | Gen, of
>D | Dat.'to mee = } Dat. row
S 4 = } Accu. #s
tR } Accu. mee ob |
Voc. ts wanting. Voc. is wanting.
LAbl, in,with, from or by me.} CAbI. in,with, fromor by us.
Thou. |
| { Nom, thoy \ \ Nom. yee
6 » of thee By | Gen. of you
@ } Pat: to thee > & ) Dat. toyou
G1 CCU. thee - © | 7 } Accu. you
| Voc. O thou | ; VOC. 0 ee
CAbl. in, with, from, or by thee. CAbI. in,with,from,or by you.
HF Hee.
Nom. bee by [ Now. they
| Gu . of him Gen. of them
& Dat. to hin | & | Dat. tothem
” ſheet bim [ = Accuſ. them y
Voc. is wanting. Voc. is wanting..
CAbl.in,with,form or by him. LA. in,wit h,from, or by them.
So, Nom. ſhee. Gen, of her. Dat. to ber, &c, |
Pl. Nom. they. Gen. of them, &e. .- "ww
Nom. this. Gen. of this, ©c. Pl. Nom. theſe. Gen. 6 ;eſe,evc.
Nom.that. Gen. of that, &c. Pl. Nom, thoſs. Gen. of thoſe, &c.
Nom. bis. PI. their. Nom. her, Pl. their. +
©o,Sing. I my ſelf. Gen. of my ſelfe. Plur. our ſelves. ©
Sing. thou thy ſelfe, Gen. of thy ſelfe. Plur. your ſelves.
Sing. himſelfe, Plur. themſelves.
Sing. it., Plur. they,
_ Mine, thine,my, thy, our,yqur, and which are in every cate
bothfirgular and plurall. |
Who
"—
The English Accidence,
Who.
Nom. who %"
5] Gen.of whom,whoſe,or whereof |
Dat. to whom | he
2 ) Acc whom > So fhewiſt jo,the Plurall.
Voc,ts wanting. _ |
(Adl. in,with,from,or by whom. |
A Pronoune ad mm and ſubſtantive declined.
(Nom, my book _{ Nom.my books
als Gen. of my book, Gen. of my books
Dat. to my 00k, E id Dat. to my books
=? q Accuſ: ap (= | _ my pars
OC: O my bov C. O my books f
\ A.in,with,from,or by my bookJ) CA.in,with,from,or by g 5 books
All Pzonounes want the U2cative caſe, except thou, yee, our,
my, mine,
Of a Verbe.
Uerbe is a part of ſpeet (ſignifying to doe, to © th 03 'fl
to be: as,to love,to be loved ,to be tick. Mn
A Uerbe likewiſe alwayes ſignifies the time of doing, being
done.Rbeing: as, I love,I have becn loved,thou wilt be fick.
Xhere be thee kinds of U2:rbs, Active Paſlive, and Neuter.
A verb Ative ſignifies to do; as, to love ,and may be furned ins
to a Paſſive: «8, to be loved. eponents and
A vsrb Paſſibe fignifies to be done! as,to be taught, and may a I nu
be turnga into an Active; as.to teach. omle Jecoſt th the I
A beia Neuter either fignifies like &n Active, and cannof_ be £ng/1(box @
turned j33oa Paſſive; as, to winke, to kneele; oz ſignifies like a 77 not capable of
Pac, 3nd cannot be turned into an Active: as, to be ſick, ro
e ma
Ebery berb Activ2 may bave an Accuſative caſe after if. - | #
A berb Paſſive and Neuter ſeldome oz never habe an Accaſative & 1 |
caſe after them, | |
When do, doeſt,doth,did or didſt are joyned wit a, verb, that
berbcannof bs a verb Paſſive.
When am,art,is,are, was,were,be,been, are jopned with a verb, . |
that verb cannot be a ber Attive.
BG 2”
:
1
| q
£ |
Fi
1
|
IC...
—__ £4 « ©
” . Engliſh Accidence]
© Anſweringto . A Vetbis declined with Mood and Tenſe.
—- ——=
CO nee
' caſes ina nounc,
1/8 | F Frreare 6;
dUicaci |
&
| 202 manners of ſignifying in berbs: the 1n-
rative,the Optative,the Potential, the Sub-
. | gh oe the 4 ugh
| This is toheun- Kh Indicative ſeith plainly that a thing doe*,02 does not,be.o
| ey of «®i-be not : a8,he loves, he doth not love, he is ſick, he. is not fk
the difermces 02 elſe abketh whether a thing does, d2 does not, bee, oz be net : as, \
of time, doth he love? doth he not'loye? is he fick?is he nor fick?
_ The Imperative biddeth, intreateth, commandetþ,o; letteth + as,
come hither,let him love,get you gone,let them goe.
TyeDptatibe wiſheth, pzayeth o2 deſireth, with theſe ſignes,
woul@to God, God grant, 1 pray God, O that &c. as, would to
God Wid love,l pray God 1 may live,God grant thou maift hear,
O that Lhad read. w
The Potentiall mood hath theſe fignes, may, might, would, (
ſhould, &c. as, that 1 may learne, it I ſhould ſpeake, if thou
woulgſt mark, that Imightheare. | |
bjunctive mood hath ſome ſuch conjunctions as theſe joy. ” [
ned with'it, when,if, ſince, that, becauſe: as, when IT did love, if I,
live,fince that you have heard,becauſe he was ſick. 5
The Infinitiue mood moſt commonly comes after another 'berb
with this (igne | to | and lignifres ſimply to doe, to be dane, 82 to
- be, without any number v2 perſon; as, to learne, to have been lo«
ved,to be fick.
The Tenſes,or diſtitions of time. n |
TB Yere be five Tenſesof Uerbes, the Pzeſenf ent the Pze-
J tertmperfect tenfe, the Pzeterperfec tenſe, the Pg "roſuper-
fect tenſe,and the Future tenſe. &r +
Tye Pzeſent tenſe ſpeaketh of the time that now is; with theſe
figns, doe, doeſt, doth, foz the Active : am;art,is,are, fozthe Paſ-
five: as, I docheare; thou doeft love; Iam loved.
p4 hy Weerimgertent tenſe ſpeaketh of the detng., v2 being of a
ſhing in tine, whilſt the thing was in doing oz befng ; with theſe
fgnes, did, did(ſt fo the Active; was, wer't, werefoz the Paſſive:
as, Idid love; I was loved. __ -
The Peeteryerfect tenſe ſpeaketþof the time paſt, with an
Rn es —
= #
- a 4 . .
- A :
Ate
- Fe
Ws” a th. | v—_ * —_—_ ,
-
% " .
"—
Ld
f "GI Ia ed i rn,
I an. - ' —— va
-
”
"&
--
a. ”
>
5a
The Engliſh Accidence, 2
ſignes, have,haft, hath; foz the active; have been, haſt been , hath
been,fo? the paſſive : 1 have loved.thou had been loved,
Lhe Pzeterpluperfec tenſe ſpeaketþ of 4þe time long agoe pate,
With theſe lfignes, had or hadfſt, fop the attibe;had been,hadd been,
fo? the paſſive : Ihad loved, thou hadf |
{ſhould have, would have, fignes of the pz
tenttall inLatin.
The Future tenfe ſpeaketh of the time to cotne, with theſe
\þ fignes, ſhall or will,ſhalt or will, foz the active; ſhall be, will be;
ſhale be, wilt be, foz the paſſive. I ſhall love, thou wilt heare,
ſhall be loved.
1Bnt ſhall have, will have, ſhalt have, wilt haye,ſhall have been,
will have been, ſhalt have been, wilt have been, 'be oo the
Subjuntibe Mood onlp; when I ſhall have loved,
Note that thofe verbes Neuters which fignifie actively, abe the
| ſignes of verbs Active in their tenſes, and thafe that -xvfe paſe
| ſibely,have the ſignes of berbes Paſſibe; as, Idid Kkneerty I wag
| fick,I have kneeled, have been fick. |
©»
. vw - ,coOngrne ny
_ © —
-
-
: . -
Gan hl © Ae P 3
CRE.
_— —
7
4. A Verb Active with his Moods and T :
The Indicative mood.
th | love,or doe love.
Preſent ſing. 4 Thonloveſt, or doeſt love.
* He loveth,or doth love.
£ We love,or doe love.
Prefer? plur. 7 Ye love,or doe love.
They love,or doelove.
A - Toved,or did love.
Prefercmperſ- 3 Thou lovedſt,or didft love.
tenſe ſung. He loved,or did love.
a mi love.
eloved,or ;
4onſe plur. © They 17-ieral
I knadyay have loved.
Pret Thoti baſt loved.
tenſe ſing hath loved.
LS
v,
The Engliſh Accidence.
Ne have loved,
Preter perfect
tenſe plur.
x Cer
tenſe ſing. . _-
Ye have loved.
They have loved. |
I had loved.
Thowtadſt loved.
Fe a loved.
We had loved.
Lk | Preterpluperf. Ye had loved
1 tenſe} wh Je had loved. | |
'} | I ſhall or will love. |
| | yo mg Thou ſhalt or wilt love. . |
| Ws He ſhall or will love.
We ſhall or will love.
[| F w__ Ye ſhall or will love.
TORY wks 602 k, They ſhall or will love.
Imperative Mood.
1 | | 85g. Lovethou. Let him love.
Th PAr, Letus love. Love ye, Let them love.
' Optative Mood.
j [ I Tove, or doe love.
M | | pf =" God grant IThox over doeft love.
WE - He love,or doe love. ?
| We love, or doe love.
| = -— God grant <Ye love,or doe love.
They love,or doe love.
[loved or did love.
me ſn, ,.Untould Ga lovedſt or «.idſt love. .. . :
- He loved or did love. ES
Preterimperf. We loved,or did love.
Mould God Ye loved,or did love.
__— ; They loved, or did love.
Fhave loved.
Preterp
tins ſag lar, J P2ay aro haſt lovedew-
He hath loved.
- ang as G
Wo” oY. S h
nm OE ER”
|
| | 1 +0110
al e the ©
SAL, "RES cd
CC1dge 1c — a
>, We have loved.
w 4Preterperfect
Fre plarell, TPP Ga Jfchelora. 4
I had loved. *
Preterpluperf.
tenſe fingular. D that Se BY _——_—
We had loved. 7 =
Preterpluperf.
tenſe plurall. D that Jrcbattores
The Future tenſe of the Dptefive is ſeldome.,if eber,uſed.
The Po:entiall Mood.
I may love. { We may love.
yon Ir mayeſt love. Plur.s Ye may wiek
He may love. L They may low.
. I might,would,or ſhould love.
KF art Thou mighteſt wouldeſt,or ſhouldeſt love.
&" "2 He might,would,or ſhould love.
* Preterimberf, \ We might,would,or ſhould love. :
ir year's Ye might,would,or ſhould love: 5
-hey might,would,or ſhould love.
Theother Tenſes of the Potentiall Wood are ſeldome 62 neber
uſed. + |
Subjundive Mood.
The Subjunctive mood is declined like the Indicative, with the
lignes pecultar to the mood.
Frejem, Sing. When 1 love, &c. Plur. When we love, &c.
| Sing. When I loved, or did love, &c.
þ. g c or did love;
Preterimperſ: os When we loved,or did love,&c.
Preterperfect. $. When I have loved. Plur. When we have loved.
Preterpluperf. S'. When I had Toved,&c.P!.When we had loved.&c,
Sing. When I ſhall or will love,&c.
Plur. Wheu we ſhall or will love,&,, _
_ Infigitive.
- *
no,
'
.
”" OO EO OY ERTIES OWING ooo ©——__ y
?
m—_ « I 4 a.
O—_— -” w-”, *» ) OT ev SYS an POPLIT a _ ” -- a
-y mo» ” 2”
TOI On Roo OOO COPIES
*,
a. A. ae.
|
.
. 4
4 w_- wo *>.
. ——_ ”——
\ -
Future,
9 Infnitive mood.
Pre). To love. Preterf. To have loved,
Fut hall or will love,
AVerb Paſſive with Moods and Tenſcs«
Indicative Mood.
| lam - We are
ut | Pr eſent tenſe Thou art Cloved. PLA Ye are Clored,
mel 97 <hHeis | They are
3 if I was = We were y
819110 P war imperf. I Thou wer't Cloved: pL3 Ye were $ loved,
Whit ing. He was They were a,
101129 I havebeen We have been =
i 00 a Thou haſt been Cloned Pl.y Ye have been Cloned.
| 5 © Hehath been -- They have been
Ht e 1 had been We had been J
at | gr gi Thoy hadſt been Cloved PI , Ye had been Cloved.
it I! He hair been They had been
I ſhall or wilt be — We ſhall or will be
{ll yo tenſe Thou ſhalt or wilt be loved. PI.Z Ye ſhall or will be +loved,
14 | ns" C He ſhall or will be They ſhall or will be?
\'_ Imperative mood.
| 1 Sing. Be thou loved. ' Let him beloved.
bil | . Plur. Let usbe loved. Be ye loved. Let them be loved,
[| |
a?
Optative mood.
I! 1 Ibe We be x
FH! | Prefen _ Sod Thou be loved. Pl, Ye be C loved,
"of — c Iwere 4 We were —_
| Prone. © $1 Thou wer't - Cloved. Pl.) Ye were loved.
Sing. He were . -” They were
[; . + > Co. | Preterperfed
TI. "—_ o :
y4 q -
© R 8 A. - ” A
G pe » *”.,
"The Englizh Accidence;
I have been We have been
Gore, Pl.
Preterperfel I P22P Th ou haft been Ye haye been
zenſe Sing. Gd. © x; bath been .- They have been
Chad been
Preterpluperf. 14 Mn __—_— I if
© at Thou hadft bers *ibreghs Pl<:Ye had been £
tenſe ſing. | l bt He had been | They had been
The Future tenſe of the Tptative js ſeidome'sz never uſed. |
Potenriall mood. _
I may be We may be ya
Preſent oy ar Thou mayeſt be Loved Pl. , Ye may be ' - Howell
ſingular He may be They may be
I might, would,or ſhould be
Oe Thou mighteſt, wouldeſt,or ſhouldeſt be loved,
tenſe ſingular. He might,would,or ſhould be
We might,would,or ſhould be P
Preterimperf. ZYe might, would,or ſhould be loved.
tnſe plur. EThey might,would,or ſhould be
The other Lenſes of the Potentiall mood are ſeldome op n6- ;
uer uſed.
- | | Subjun&ive mood.
T Þe Subjunctive is declined like the Indicative,withthe _
peculiar to the Wood: As,
Frejen S, When Iam loved,&c. Plyr. When we are loved,8&c.
Preterimp.S$. When I was loved, &c. Plur. When we were loyed,&c.
Preterperf. S. When I have been loved. Plur. When we have been loved.
==; $. When I had been loved. Plur. When we had been loved. 0
Future $, When I ſhall oc will be loved. P/.'When we ſhall oc will be loved*
Infinitive mood,
Preſ. To be loved. Preterperf. To have I: > 10yeds |
Fut. Shall or will ns beep | |
/
—
WEE 2,
vg wo ler 6; ANY KeakdHoce:
1-45 ofa Verb Neuter.
frying tke.an 2 be, ts declined like a
Az reid: DIG btrt 1norl nas |
I kneel,or doe kned | We knee] ,or do kneel
Ton ordoeft” Knea 2] Ye kneel, or do knee]
kneeleth;or doth kneel They kneel,or do kneel.
Aves Briter agnffving like a Paſſide, is declined like a
berbPallive : : As,
ff | Preſents nad 6k ST _ cWeareſick a
L911 4 IC 4 e are 1c Ts o 12atiy
01 1'f Jmgular. 'Th -2_ CL Yeare ſick :
18 -- Hei - Theyare fick. foo ten?
Of the Perfons ES
i 431%
Pus pou ſee in Uerbs there be thzee Perſo nis;omd to Num-
bers, 2nd thzee Perſons fo2 ea) number,
The firſt perſon lingutar{ 1, |:he ſecond perſon (ingular[chou,]
tþe third perion flngular | hee.
Tye firſt perſon plu; d] nes we, ]the ſecond perſon plurali { yee,]
the third perſon. plurall [ t
Note that | am | is th? 5gne L the firſt perſon ſi vgular;
Arc,doeft, haſt,hadft, ſhalt, wilt, mayeſt, mighteſt, wouldeRt,
ſhouldeſt, be fignesof the ſecom? perſon ſingular.
Is, doth. hath, be ſignes of the third perſon ſingular.
Yet ſome U:cbs are declined in the third perſon ſinq;ar only,
and be ih:re foze called Iinperſonals; which babe common!y befoze
i th:mthis ſigne [ it; ] as, it delighteth me,it becomes thee.
% When two Uerbes come together without any Nominative
_ caſe between them, the latter is commonly the Fnfinitive mood;ae,
Idehire to learn, I hope to live.
When tze uſuall ſignes of the Tenſes are not joyned to Uerbe,
then are they U?rbs of themſelves, and no ſigncs of Tenſes: as,
L have a jacher; thou-haſt a mother; I will not; I was at home, vc.
A.
o 4 * Y ” > :* , | k
dt "7 F-» &.- - a: "at." p <6 _— —_— *.
» - 4+, "Eby «
* ® * . g ahi » _
a P_ '* = F- 2a - pe
.-- The EnghslpA&teidvhce,-
- " of
| 84; +
A Parti . 1 .- py”
A Participle is a part 'of Speecþ declined with cafe much like a
noune Adje ctive, but lignifying like@«Wetb {time p2ecetit,
paſt, oz tocome. te 1-2
Lþete be foure Participles ; a Participle of the Pzeſent tenſe,
8. Participle ofthe Pzeferperfect tenſe; a Participle of the Future
tenſe actibe;fnd a Paotteiple of the Future fenſt pafſtve. ,*
-A Participle of te pzeſent fenſe;ſignifies the time pzeſenit,and
endefþ in [ ing: ] ao loving,eaching.reading,hearing.,” © -
But if a wozd end in | ing, ] and either þave,oz may have [a] oz
[ the | betoze it,then it is not a Participle, but a noun ©ubſtantive;
as, the teaching, the loving, a reading, the hearing, #7
_ A Participle oftbe Peoterperfect tenſe, figntfies the time paſt,
| wn, alwayes endsin d,t, 02 n: as, loved, taught, Nlaine heard,
A Participle of the Future tenſe actibe, ſignifies the time fo
come, like an Jnfinitibe mood acitbe; ac, abour, or ready to read:
about,or ready to heare:about,or ready to love: about hr ready
toteach; 2 v_
A Participle of the Future tenſe paſſive, fignifies the time-to
come like the Infinitibe mood paſibe;as,to be loved,to be taught,
to be read, to be heard.
| A Participle of the Future tenſe paſſive, follows immediately
the lignes of Uechs paiſives: as, God is to be feared, Kings are to
be hongured, Vice is to be avoyded, Vertne is to be imbraced.
An Adverb.
| N Adberbe is a part of Þpeech umeclined, commonly: jopned
"Kfootyer wozds to declare their gnification : as, wiſely,
fooliſhly. |
wi is called an Adverb,becauſe it is commonly joyned withſoms
erv, | |
- - There be many kinds of Adverbs, accozding to their ſeveral
(ignfications.
Some be of Time: as, then, wzen, now, never, ever, alw3pes,
to day,to mozcow, yeſierdap, the other day.betimes,iaft;notily take: |
le,long agoe, out of pand, — Do I OM ET
©. __
Pp
TE.
, IM . IS
- ® % ”
F | 1
- .
m . .
. j , 4 - - : * = "_ * = *
Wy! ts. > pM Eee wr” Wy TO ee IERT CU pr _— yy 7, a wo 7 ET RG gEn> os nn On ReRormSy— oe TT, CmHoenrs
ry —_—_ >: n —. dh
” %
L _
I'1
X Tn
| move Arterhu oor
. > -
-
9 *
=
»&, at
La K "— 5
-
ol he Bogliſk Accidence.
wards, this wap,that way.
Number: as, once, twiſe, thziſe,foure times,fozty times,
an bundzed tings-A thouſand;times.
Ocdersa8,aftecwards, furt bermoze, firſt of all, laſt of all,
. at Tengtþ,ſecondly, thirdly. - ©
Asking:as,whcn,where;whence,wby,therefoze ,whether.
Denying: 8s,no,not,not at ail.in no wiſe, by no meanes.
Afffirming:as, yes,yea, ſurely,truly,berily,in good ſooth,
[in faitþ,in good truth. |
| Exhorting: as, well,goe to.
4 En :a6.wo!11d to God,God grant, J pzzp God.D pat,
Dif
.f + Gathering together: as together,altogether, joyntly,uni-
| verſalty. --E
| "Parting aſunder: as,aſu nder,feberally;particularly,Sooze
by do02e-.
- Diveriity: as,eIſe,otherwiſe.
hooking: as,r8her,nay,rather.,yea rather. -
xceeding :a8,bery much,to mark inwodocatie caopetive
Athing not finiſhed:as, wel-nigh Almoft,ſcarcely,yardlp.
Shewing: as, lo,ſee,beh>1d,th1s, ;
Doubting: as,peradbenture,perhaps,map be: LS
Chance:as, by chince,as tt fell out,as it Cyarced. 7
Likeneſle: -a6,f o,eben as, like as. off
Compariſon:as,as w21I as ,ſo,as,moze.leile eſpecÞ-1
Quintity:26,much,!i:tlezmo of all,lea(t of ew: oY
bery little at all.
C Quality: as, wiſely, gravelp.l:arnedly.valiantly.
Note that almoſt from all Adjectives, may te made Adterbsof
-
.
——
OY rn IIS
—_
Sane Adverbs be of
| quatityby putting to [ {y.] as,beautitull, beautifnl! y;prudent,pru-
dently;ſtout,ſtoutly;fruicfmll fruitfully.
Note likew.ſe that ſuch Adverbesmap - compared, which come
fiom adjectives which are compared:as,learnedly,more learned! Y,
moſt learneſtly; valiantly,more valiant] y, moſt valiantly,
Ofa Conjunion.
d *
% «<
< Place: as here, there,where bither, thither, wither forme. |
4 where, no Were, elſetvþere,bence; thence, upwards, down-
'A Exnbuntiomioa part Ppeecy Joyning Kkozds and ſenten-
"v7" . * 4s » b
KA
. þ
wy
hs
The Englich Acci dewe -
" There be many kinds of Conſunctions,
Copularives: as,amd,alfo;ncttþer;both, ICE
Dis'unCtives : as, 02,either. _ |
Diſcretives: as, but. We
Cauſals: as.fc3 becauſe,becauſe that; lince. ſince that; lth 7"
E] that,.ſeeing tþat,fozaſmach 8s,tnaſnuch as.being that.. ap
Conditionals: ae,ff, if thatzſo th2£,if fo be that.
Exceptives: as,e1cept,ercept that,otherwiſe,but that.
Interrogatives:as, whetþer,thether 92 nv.
Wlatiyes;as,wherefoze, therefoze-
Adverſatives:although,though.albeit.
Redditives:notwithſtanding, yet, nebertþelefſe,foz all es
Ele&ives: as,how,as, then.
C Diminutives; atleaſt,oc»
Some Conjunctions be
E EE——
PA , SS
DO Prep ofition. | t_
- 2
"PÞ;epoſition fsa part of Speech-undeclined, moſt commonly MP
ſzt befoze the caſe it fs jeyned with,opz the wozd it is compoun-.. |
ded w'tha!l: as, to, unto,at,before againſt, by,toward:,betygzen,
beneath junderneath, belides,after, beyond, from, with, in, igta,
upon, under, without, out of, about, within, above, behind,
through,concerning,up to,among,amongſt. ...*
All Pzepoſitions are Jjoyned either with a Genitive, an Accuſc- ME |
tibe, o blative caſe. |
Lp tO, FE foened wiba Genitive caſe plurall, oz an Ablative "0
caſe b* *,. 3gul2r and plurall. boy 24
_— - »e2cpoſitions are commonly joyned with an Accuſatibe -
caſe; 38,deainſt,towards, between, beſide, behind -beyond,to,unto;
into, througkh,above.
Some Pzepoſttions are commonly joyned ith an Ablative caſe;
in,zwith from, of, concerning.
Some P2epoſittons are ſometimes joxned with an Accuſative, «
ſometimes With anAdlative caſe;as,at,by,befo re,among,amongf;
under,underneath,beneath, after,upon,without,out jof, about,
within , among,amonegſt,
© 3
InterjeQion
$f
}
, -
—_—_— | :
a ee eee OO OO_ *
att —_
- ws =, s A v2 C P "—_
_ *
- . % , wo
| *mordingisthe moſt wholtome thing in the world; To know
- The Enghſh' Aecidence.
Interjetion.
N Iaterjection is a part of ©peech -undeclined, erpzefſing
' forne Tubddenpaſſion of the miad: as,fic,ahah, alaſſe,oh,pith,
iſt, O trange,O wondertull; and tbe like. |
Ahecs be ſeverall ſozts of Jnterjections, accopding ts the ſeve-
rall paſſions of the mind. Some of Mirth, ſome of SOITOW\ _
of Admiring,ſfome of Scorning,&c. L
Syntaxis or Conſtruction.
> ;
Pntaris oz Conſtruction is tze right and due joyning of parts of
peet) together, |
Syntatts conſiſts in Concord, gz Government.
here be thzee Conco2ds: the firſt between the ' Pominativ caſe
_ and the Urrb: the ſecond between the Subſtantibe and the Adje-
eftve:the third between the Antecedent and the Relative. - ';*
-. The Uerb agrees with the Nominative caſe inmumber andper-
ſono that of whatſoever number and perfon'the Nbminattbecate
is.tþe ſame numberand perſon muſt the Uerb be: as, the Maſter-
teacheth, the Scholars learn, I ſpeak, thou heareſt.
The Nominative caſe moſt conmon{y is the wozd that
befoze the Uerb; andanſWereth to the queſticn who, oz:
Sometimes the Nominative caſe is ſet after the
queſtion fs asked: as,loveſt thou me? when the Uerbiaof*
perstibe mood : as, anſwer thou me; 0? when theſe (igh#s |
there commeth befoze the Werbe: as, it is my books there 3 is
No-man.
Note that two oz moze Nominstive caſes of the ſingular number
will have a verbof the pſurall number, which hall 2gres with the
FNominatibe caſe of themoſt woztþy perſon: ac, land thon are in -Þ »
danger; thou and thy Father are wie; the King r and the Queen
walk together.
The fic perſon is noe wozthy then the ſecond, and the ſecond
mo;8 wo;thy then tie third,
@ne wozd is not alwayes the Nominative caſe toths berb; but
'fommetimes all that goes befoze the terb: as,to riſe betimes inthe
nuch is apleaſſnr life. —_ if tNany tyings be a iben all |
_ the [0
The Evglith; Acti dikes,
E tb: becb be of the plural number:as,to ſpend thetime in ;dlenefſe,
”. ro buffethebelly with dainties, and to ſleep overmuch, quite
[ poile the braine.
The betas Cancort; © = -*
* Þe Adjectlve,whei hr Noun? ,Pzonoune, 02 Participle,agrees
with the Subſt-ntive in-caſe, gender, and number ; (that
whatſoever caſe, gender, and number the Subſtantive ts,the ſank,
caſe, gendec,and number the Adjective is; as, ati honeſt man, "of
a faithfull conſtancy, procureth a great name by his fidelity.
- Pany Subſtantibes of the fingular number will habe an adje-
cftbe of the plurall, which ſhall agree with the Subffanfite of 1h
- moze wozthy Gender; ae, the King and the Queen are bleſſeEthe
husbandand the wife are beautifull. |
If Pou aske the Queſtion who oz what by the AdjectiveF the
wdthat anſwereth to the queſtion is the Subftentibe. W&.
- In making Latine, alwayes ſet your Subſtantive tefoze your
adjective, fo Will you lefle miſtake in theit agreement 02 contops
dance,
»
nA d
The third Concord.
Relatibe agrees with the Ante c2dent in cevder, number,
rſon, but not alwayes in caſe; ſs that of whit nijmber,
perſort the Antecedent ts,the ſame wymber.gemer and
| the Relative be ; 88,cthere is no man who hath not
ſnned/Who is he that liveth and hath no faults.
The Relative is ſome Pzonoun relative: a5, who,whom,whole,
whichy that.
The Antecedent is a wozd that mot commonly goeth immediate- |
+ Ip befoze — Relatite to whith it belongzth.
Pany Antecedents ſingular will 53be a Relatibe plural,ubi
gender : as, he hath broken the bow and thearrows which-you
gave him: but in wozds that ſignifie libing th.ngs, the Kefatibe
der: as, the King and the Queen whomI honour.
The 'Paſculine gemer 151102; wozthp then the Feminine, an
the Femtnineis mo28 app jenthe Neuter. -
S; -
- ky PY & ©
tit'wo2ds that ſignitie f;ings without fife, fall be of the neuter”
ſhall agree in gende: with the Hatecodent of the nio2? wozthy gen= |
. *
% :
* _ k =
* © .
i 2 "\ EC —_ =
[> " "
- % ;
. - _ 4 2» 'M .
\ jou = " .
: - «Aa
5 o _— - ' F< £4
3 .
- \ : = : 2; . * F
. hy. ” :
p © : P +8 } . y l
z - bo -
—— ——— — — a A a—”—— we” -
Y = a
" 3. © The Engliſh Accidence. W
Yf there come no Nominatibe caſe between th: Kelative and tie
Uerb,then the Relative ſþall be the Nominattbe caſe to the Werb:
as,bleſſed is the man that hath not walked in thecounſell of the
vhs. ungodly;wretched is he who dotes on money.
[8 Irthere come a Nominatibe caſe between the Relative and the
nt. E: Uerb,tþen the Relative ſþall be gobernedof other wozds, 2s if tþey
were Subftantives.
_. When te Engliſh of a Relative comes befoze the Subſtantive,
tbenis it no Relative, but muſt be put in the ſame caſe with the ſub-
ftantivbe:as, into what place am I come? what book'doe you read?
the nature of which man,which thing when I conſider. A
Note tþat who is alwapes the Nominatibe caſe, whoſe alwayes
the Genitive,whom Genitive,Dative,Accuſative,o2 Ablatibe, bit
gebcr the Nominative. |
—_
Governm:nt.,
- - A Ll w»2ds belonging to the ſame thing {ball be put-in the ſame
| caſe:as, Jeſus Chriſt our Lord, Redeemer and Mediator, was
God and Man, King,Prieſt and Prophet. bt
x, -When the letter sis put te the end of a wozd of the (ingular
number befoze a ncune Bubſtanfivbe, it fþall de put in ths Genitibe
caſe :as Gods people, my fathers houſe, Plato's opinion, the
| Maſters learning,the Kings Crown. we -
4. 3» Lhemezſure of hergbt, bzeadt, length, thicknede, deeprWzen a
| Whenvt put 111 ig put after Adjectibesin the Accuſative,ozAblative caſe :agvabVita
$ he —_— three inches thick; a table foure yards long; a river an hundred
ar bt foot broad; a well thirty toot deep.
waderſtocd: as, 4+ After berbs @ubltantives, as, am,arezart, is,was,were,been,
a floore of ten &c. there uſually follows a Nominetive caſe: as, I am poore, we
-foat long; i.e. 1recontemned,thou art rich. .
f onerbe fengih. But if thep be of the Infinitive mood, they habe ſuch care after
wah them as theyhad befoze them.
hs «s, -When acaſe immediately follows any verbs that are not Sub-
ſtzntibee, without any flgn of anotyer caſe, it ſhall moſt commonly
b2 put in the Accuſative cafe ; I love learning; the Maſter loveth
ood Scholars.
. Whenkfwo caſes coine immediatelp after- a verb, without any
\gns of gcaſe, the firſt is commonly the Dative. the latter the Ac-
caſatibe caſe: give me my booke, he promiſed me much, but paid
.
4
:
(8
q
£
=
®,
»
nl
—
—
—z
=
/ .
Noting. Werbs
I. s « . _— 4 -
** | . 4 C Y = " . " = . * x -
3 WJ ho ” _ : 4 : | 2 2 ha 4 , = % % = , - @« <
c 4 £ .
.. "4 > 8”. 4 2 _ | F
- The Englith Accidence "WF |
4 antile 75... 5 * (Hbofit fy ge 02 foreftore,
U2rbs wh... -.. neon ED as fo pleafe oz dif-
vlea 9 ſpare; and generally all that habe v2 map 'bave to after
fhe:n.ccquire a Dative caſe of the perſon: as,he profteth himſelf
litt{e that hurteth others.I will reftore you the book which you
gave me. The Maſter commanded meto tell all his Scholars what
I here ſhew you, thathe threatnes all which refifthim, and pre-
ſime to diſobey his commands,that they may learneat length to
obey him, and teare to difpleaſe their Tutour; knowing what
a folly it isto beleeveevill counſels, and truſt to their owne wiſ=
dome. Qbedience pleaſeth God,who will not ſpare thoſe men
that doe not anſwer his will by their obedience, Iwill pay your
brother whatſoever I promiſed him.
| as, I want money. I will uſeno argument. He enjoyes his pleas
{ure.
Notfe that Particizl:s and all other wozds, which in Engliſh ſig-
nifie like Uerbs,muf in contruction have ſuch caſes after them as
3 the Uerbs. #
Nvunes that detoken part of time,be commonly put in the Abla-
tive caſe. The third day he roſe againe. The fourth night after
he dyed. Every ſeventh day the ] ewes obſerved their Sabbath.
The thixd houre he went to pray.
| Ayounes that betoken continuance of time without cealing,
be ly put in the Accuſative caſe. He ſleepeth all day, and
waketh all night. He reigned twenty yeares, five months, three
weeks,two dayes,and fix _
Nounesfhat betoken ſpace betwtrt place and place,be commons
1y put in the Accuſative caſe: as, Goe not a foot from this place.
It is three yards off, A town which ſtands foure miles from Lon=
| + don.
anſwer, iþall moſt commonly be of the ſame c3ſe and tenſe ; as,
What book doe you read? Virgil. Whatare you doing ? Wri-
ting.
1Bat if the Conjunttion begin another part of the ſentence, then
doe not Confuntttons couple like caſes to the wozd going immedt-
E __ © atelp
Y © h + "4 " as. © pe - . :
to prom .* geleeve,uircaren,obeyn i. , diftruſt, refift, to
Uerbs of wanting,uting and enjoying gobernan Ablative aſe: |
Lhe wozd that asketh the queſtion, and the wozd that gives che -
- Ro OP OR ans wth word Y l Fa mY 4
telp befoze, wit This Englith Accigence?
ate A z ak 2
ſubtlety of cher aber boodiy hari *7ve CRE 85 BB, Tits
OHATHR- 30 WAKE 4 - CAUNGA
8 1 $0 eaolnc.. SEL | JASCTOUS
C9:4:na/..s Copulatives, and Diſjuncites cogent
bike 5000s, and moſt commonly like Tenſes torethertas, He +
feareth God, and keepeth his commandcaer;cs, deſcrveth- the
name ofa good Chriſtian, and hath learnt the beſt part of trac
big wildome.
fe
ro all,and hurtfu?y.
-4S
Let your Child in repeating bis Rules and Eramples of bis
Dyntaris,thew tye pzincipall wozds, wherein lie the Eramples to-
the Rules,
; Fe Th Engl Accigeez
+;
4 agntile to —— -
@!. and F; ab b ch; 9
4 rubs :
har «”-
Ehraine _ for the wt turning of
Engliſh into Latine«
0,
of
@ Yen of comes between too Subſtantives,the Sub-
ſtantive following mult be the Genitive caſe ; as,
The learning of the Maſter:the opinion of Plato.
The feare of the Lord is the beginning of wil
dome. The glory of a King is the multitude of
Subj eas,
When of comes befoze the Englith of the pariiciple of the Pze-
ſent tenſe, the wozd following muſt be a Gerund in di; as, The
way of Writing well, is joyned with the Art of ſpeaking
well. 1Sut of befoze the Engliſh of the participle of the Pyeſent
tenſe after a Noone, v2 Uerb, is a figne of a Gerund in do; as,l am
weary of walking, with or by walking.
When of comes befoze a wozd ſignifying the matter of which a
tding is made, it muſt be made in Latine,as if it were out of,by the
Pzepoſition e, 02 ex, with an Ablative caſe : as, D—_ made of
Wine; a cup made of Gold ; bread made of Barley; drink made
of Water and Honey.
Of after a pzoper name, befoze a pzoper name of a place, is made
| bya, ab, e, 0 ex: as, John of Gaunt : Thomas of Aquine: ozelſe
the place is put into an Adjective pzoper, agreeing in caſe with ths
Subſtantive befoze. 90 in ſuch ſpeeches as theſe, ofa learned man
he became a fool : of a weak man, he became cruel: of a man, he
becamea beaſt : and the like.
S0 likewiſe of after Werbs of making, conſiſting, compounding,
and the like, muſt be made in Latine, as if it were out of, by the
P2epolition eoz cx, and an Ablative cafe ; as, A man is compouns
ded ofa foul anda body, It confiſts of two parts.
E 2 Pe Uhen
_
. Then it bath the
Senification of made in latine by the Dative caſe, o2 an 4blativ: with the J2;epoſi-
- by: as, he is Io-
"DJ
- x
Cervitiy 2192 $751 cue caſe. _: muf-be made in Letine,as, from,
or concerniff,” wht a book [ of ] orf from] the Book-
binder. I heard 105 from jthe Maſter, I will (peak [of Jor
[ concerning] thy Word, He writ | of ] ur | concerning] wil the
moral * yertucs, ;
UWrhen of coines after the fgnification of a Paſſite, it is fo be
tion a oz ab: as, He is loyed of all. God is to be honoured of all
his Creatures.
When the wozd of comes after wozds of eaſing, oz unloading,
ſpoyling, 92 robving, wanting, o2 having ſtoze of, making uſe of,
baving nee? of, wozihp, oz unwozthy of, depzive of, defraud of, to
be diſappointed of, and the like, it is the tigne of th? Ablative caſe :
2s,1 wHEI cafe thee of thy burden. He unloaded his horſe of his
" carriage He ſpoyled me of my money.He robbed me of my riches,
Tam in want of books. He hath ſtore of Cattell. He made uſe of
my authority. I bave need of your. help. He is not worthy of his
office, that is unworthy of all honor.
Sometimes of belongs ro the wozd going hefr2e ; as, to heare of, /
tobeignorant of, to taſt of, to ſmcl! of, ro aske counſell of t9
complaine of, to deſpaire of, to admic of, to thinkeof ; to
put of, to be glad of, out of, becauieof, in cympariſon of,
andthe like ; am then it is not the ſigne alwayes of the Genitibe
caſe , but muſt be taken in making Latine with the wozd going
2fo2e,
When of neitheris part of the fignification of the woz? going
befoze, noz a P2epoſition.it is moſt commonly a figne the wozd fol=.
lowing mult be pukin the Senitibe caſe. |
To.
ved of all, 4,by
al
To, befoze any wozd that hatha caſe, is mo commonly the ſign
of the Dative caſe : as, Fortune hath given too mach [to] many,
enough [ to] none. Be kind [ to] all men,a friend [to] few.
Sometimes to is as milc2 as in compaitſon of, and - to be made
in Latine by prz: as, no fool to the 01d fool : thon art happy
ko us: though in this ſenſe it map alſobe m-de by ad, oz, a.
But when a verb imp'zing motion, goeky befoze to, then fs it -a
". 2
F "Tbe-Fngliſh Actidence. =
Pyrputhiivns, av ww-;ade in Latine by ad, with an Accuſatibe
caſe.: as, I goe [ to ]{chovle I come [iro] thee, Hee runs [to]the
mark. - IT P14 |
And if there fgllow apzoper name of a place after a berbeof mo-
tion, Yo mult make noLitine fo to, buf-put the wozd following tn
th2 Accuſative caſe ; as, Ifgoe to London, 1 will goe to Cam-
bridge.
To between two berbs cauſeth the Iftter to bz the Aifinitibe
it - moo? : as, I dcfire to learn, |
But if the fozmer berb be a Lerb of motron,then the I2tter fall by
made tnlatine by the firſt Supine, oz a Gerund in dum, bith ad;
as, I come| to]heare, I goe| to | lye downe.
To after an 4dje&>ibe befoze abery Paſſive, is to be mIde in
- ugh by the latter Supine: as,filthy | to | be ſpoken; ugly | tobe
cen. :
To afteran Adjective o2 Subſtantive 5:foze- a berb Agite, fc
made in Latine by a Eerund in di: as, Skiltull [ro] ſhoot, Lord
give us grace | to | live well. | |
To after verbs that ſignifie io belong, to appertaine, to erbozt,
A - tocall, toinvite,pzoboie, and th? 1.kz,ts made in Latine Ly thePzee
potition-ad : as, it belongs not | to] me, what appertaines onely
[co] thee. Exho:t all men | to | vertue. He invited meſto] dinner,
Call him [ rs | me. Provokeno man | to | anger, £8
About to, o; going to,ts tbe li; n: cf the Participle of the future
inrus : as, my facher when he was about | to | die, gave me this
counſel], I am | about |] or going | to | read. |
Tobe, after the figne of a Paſſive.o2 a noun? Subſtantive,is the
ſigne of a Participle tn dus; aS,God is | to be | worſhipped. A man
[ to be] honoured. |
That. | 20
When tbe woz) that may be turned info ths wozds who, oz
which, it isa Pzonoune Relative,and tobe made in Latine as who -
v2 which: as, He is miſerable that loveth money.
It may be ſo turned when there is no Nominative caſe between
if and the berb.
UWyen that is not a Relative,end the ſigne of the Pofential ntood
follows ; as; may,can,might,ſhould, would,ought, it is tobe made
E:3 «-. in.
_
_— _—
Accies*
AV Li%t. WI
” The Enghſh
tnLatine by ut, and aPotenticllmood, ee. , uo:
Likewiſe then that, ſignifies tC p - ULght [for] a bf : 'N9dis
| |- ately aftcr verbs of intreating o; co:f.,.bmny; it is i - *.nade fn
1 | [WE Lafine by ut,and a Potentizil :tiood, I write to you, [chat] or]
Mt. to the end that | you may know roy mind. See [that | you 1 I.
| mean. I entrear you [that] you conlider my words, |
'ND Then thar ts joyned immediattely with his Subſt nite, ag
that mag, that woman, it is a Pzonoune Demontrative, wii; ws
| made In Letine by ille, illa,illud;as,thar City,and that K ingdom
118! +} is happy whoſe King is wiſe,
| Potimes that tn making Latine goes together wiih other
b.- wozds ;as, to the intent that, to the end that, becauſe that ; ſince
that, ſecing that, it that.&c,
In all other caſesalmoſt that is to be made in Latine by the
Conjunctton quod, which may eleganily be put away, by pufting
: the Nominative caſe into the Accuſative caſe, and the verb into
: the Infinitibe mood ; as, I am glad ſthat} you are here. I know
- {that} am ſick, I hope [that] God heareth my prayers. Wake
8 [not that ]by non quod. Sothat, adeo ut, wh2n it meanes, inſo-
F much that; but modo,dum,dummodo,when it meanes UPON cons
dition that, 4
With,
oe
—
%
* bad ©
- - P
O—_— = _ -
— tic: arr. cc dee; ro wv. On ROBRS wb wth -
ye
Wich is moſt commonly the ſigne of the Ablative caſe,
o | When with comes after a verb Active o2 Paſſive, and lignifies
"I either that wyerewith a thing is done,oztbe manner bow it is done,
Wt | tt is the tigne of the £{blative caſe:as, He ftriketh[with] a ſword,
He {poke[ with ] great Majeſty. He did it{ with] much boldnefle,
IB He hurt me| with | a ſtone,
When wich commeth after verbs Neuters, and ſignifies as
's. much as together with, if muſt be mide in Latine by an Ablative
caſe, withtve Pzepoſition cum,l will go [ with] thee. I was [with]
o-
= Wxultabw—k Ao att, Yan aw EOS: . Ae ow. die AGATE 4.
" * <
” = a
= =
ITg1t.
With vero2e the'Englif) of the Participle of the Pzeſent tence,is
a ſigne of the Gerundin do : as, I am weary [with] running.
. Unhen with comes not immediately after a verb, and (gniffes
cotmpany,o2 p;eſent with,it iS made in Latine by apud,andan Accy-
ſative caſe * as, Salute all my friends [with] you.
- Sometimes with is part of tþe ſignification of the wozd going
| . . befoze
ER Ccpcpec_— ——_
WY The Engliſh Accidence. -
6 Foo gat ay. 22: 44 honmmonl? the iigne of the Datibe caſe:as, £0 be
gry > \ aus: } 3s, \. Ac. Ste ; |
Fore 13.. v5 Þ. cart a1s,yobis,quz, and quibus, cum muſt
be ſer afteras par; of the wozd. BY.
For.
75*in the beginning of a ſentence, befoze no caſe immediatly, oz
befoze a nominative caſe, is aconjunaton, and ts be made in Latine
by nam and namque, &c. as, For the Lord hath ſpoken. For as
the Poet faith. |
For befoze Diſeaſes after verbs ſignifying tze goodnefſe of a
Medicine is made by contra oz ad, and an Accyſative caſe : as,
It is good for the Tooth-ach, It is good for the Head-ach, It is
good for melancholy. @z put the Diſeaſe intoths Datibe, and ex-.
melancholiz, It is good for Melancholy.
15 it naught for befoze Difeaſes,s. e. encreafeth: as, It isnaught
for Melancholy. e. it increaſeth Melancholy.
Tobe naught toryz. e. to be hurttall co. officere; nocere : as, It.
18 naught for the Braio, It is nzught for the Memory.
F or that, when it is as much as becauſe thar,bp quia oz quoniam
&c. as, No man loveth»pain | for that ] it is pain, So, for as much.
as, for io much as, 7. e, becaule,
Sometimes by the Pzepoſition cx, 82 CE, a, o2 ab; Sometimes per,
ob,propter,and an Accuſative.
For ought, for any thing,j. e. for as much as,*pquantum,qua-
tenus : as, He may be a good man tor any thing I know: Shes an:
honeſt woman for ought I ever heard.
UWE.en lor ſignifies by reaſon of, oz the cauſe thy a thing is
done,it is a ſigne of the Ablattb2 : as, Hee grew pale | for | anger.
D: elſe it is made by the Y;epolttion pre, and an Ablatibe caf2; as,
He wept| for | grief,
When tor is jopned toa perſon, to- oz fo2 whom any thing is: EN
done,either good oz bad, it ts a ſigne of th#»+@Dattbe caſe , andy
may alſo be made by the Pzepoſition pro , and an Ablative: as,
l have x [tor] him, and notſ for} thee, They lie in wait | for].
my ſoul. | ;
Whyen for comes b2foze wozds. of Bzice, and Wiagers, it Fa
=
he PS.
The Engliſh Actidence:
tve ſgne of the Ablative caſe ; as, He fold it [for1a reony, Ne
{e]] you a book | tor ] a penny,which.* + 1rthing, T
will rua with you | tor ] a ſhilling,” |
151it, tor (0 mach, for how much, for more, for leſs, and the
lize,require 8 Genitibe.
When tor ts as much 2s as, it is made in Latinc Lp in, ki han
Qccuſative caſe, oz pro with an Ablati ve ; as, he ſhall be to them
tor ateſtimony , oz, asa teſtimony, Thou ſhalt be fora ligne, **,
as a ligne to the Nations,
Wien tor {igniffes in ſtead of, oz, in place of, it is made in 1 4-
tine by the Pzepolifion pro, and an Ablative caſe : as, I will be bea-
ten for thee, j. e. in thy ſtead, Thou ſhalt anſwer {dr me, my Lord
my God. Chriſt iatished Gods wrath for me.
For befoze partis made by pro oz ex ; as, I offcr. for my part as
much. Every man tor his owne part promiſed to help.
Fortin phzaſes erpzelfing being of one's lide, taking their part ,
and the life, is made bya, ab oz pro ; as, Iam for Pau!, and 1 for
Apollos. God is for us. This rakes tor us.
=9 tor, oz tor all, in phzaſes erpzefſing permiſſion, not hindzing,
nof medling with,ts made by per,oza ;as, You may goe whither -
you will tor all mee-She is a maid for me.He ſhall beg for me,that
riotofly ſpen4s his meanes. =
For befoze wozds of Lime, fignifytng the ſpace of, is made by
per, 02190! t 2 ligne of an Accufative caſe. Dtherwiſe by in, 02
ad ; as, toratime. For the preſent. For the Future, For an
houre, For a moment. For the time paſt. For a yeare. For holy=
days.
When tor ſignifies the endſo2 which a thing is doye,it is common-
Ip made by ad,ob,propter,and ſoinetimes in; as. came hither for
pleaſure. I ſtady for learning. All things are created for the uſe
of man. Hz bought herbs for the old-mans ſupper, I will keep ic
for my beaver. »ometimes by pro.
_ Butintits ſenſe, when ſake is either added, o: map be added, it
-map be made likewiſe by gratia, ergo,cauſa,and a Genitibe caſe;as,
For thy name's ſake, For Chrift's iake. For thy mercie's ſake. I
come hither for pleafure,4. e. pleaſure's ſake,
+ Wut whentor inthisſenſe comes beroze the fignification of a
herb, maks jt by a Gerund in (4!) with gratia, cauſa, or
. ergo; 02 bya Gerumd in (dum) with ob oz proter, oz by ad and
| pu” png q
,
#
The Englislr Acadence;
a Participle in (dus:) as, Chrift came into the world for to re-
deem finners.
For thebefoze a berbalin (ing) may be made by ad and a Par-
ficiptall in (dus: ) as, For the bringing up of Children, ad inftitu-
tionem puerorum, ad inſtituendos pueros. Vid. Engliſh -of the
Infinit. in To.
For befoze the Enalith of the Parttciple of the Pzeſent tenſe,
is oft as much as becauſe that, and ts tobe made in Latine by quod
and a Subjunttive mood; as, be not angry with me | tor] doing it,
7,e. becauſe that I didit. Are you therefore angry at me[ tor]
telling you? } e. becauſe that I cold you.Dz by the Gerund in(do)
' with pro oz de : as, pro dicendo, de taciendo.
For befoze Pzofit and Ponour is made by e, ex, ſotetimes pro :
as, This will be both for the honour of the King, and for the |,
profit of his Kingdome, |
When for comes befoze a wo2d erpzeſiing the occation why'a thing
was done,it is commonly made by de oz ſuper,ſometimes by pro,ob,
02 propter; as, Uh how Tlove thee for that word ! I thank you tor |
your letters. The father wept for his ſon's death, I was not of
tended for that thing. They glorified God for me. Fear for my
brother hinders me in wricing. So; For a great cauſe, magna de
cauſ$. For a ſmall cauſe, levi de cauſa, &c.
As for is to be made by the Pzepoſition de,and 2n Ablativbe caſe ;
- 88, As for me, I will ſay nothing. As for death, I do not fear it. _
Likewiſe by quod ad, quantum ad, with attinet,pertinet,ſpeRar:; ;
but, as forexample, make thus, exempli ergo, gratia, caula; verbi
gratia, ergo, cauſa.
But for, were it not for, had it not been for, is made by abſq;
as, Had it not been for me,you had periſhed, ,
_ For all, for all that, for all this, theſe pþzaſes have ſometimes
the ſignification of though, although, albeit; ſometimes of yet
notwithſtanding, and ſoaccozdinglp to be made in Latine : as,For-£
all, z.e. though you ſwear, I will not beleeve you. Though you _
hateme, for all that, i.e. yet notwithſtanding, I will ever
Jove and honor you, hoc non obſtante. A coach can-
not move for all the wheeles except horſes draw it, i.e-
RE bay when. 2 rotis ſuis non movetur currus. +
LY ligntications is commonly made by pro and an #b-
| tte rae as, I tankgon ryan Loney FL —_—_ OED
a
TT = — "I
- __
a.
. _ GodTwcre [but] wiſe enough, There are [but] three, Bome- -
The Engliſh Aceidenee. ;
Wut-ſometimes for-is part of the ſignification of the wozd ging
befoze, then js it a ſigne of ſuch caſe as that wozd will have after it:
as, to look for, to care for, to hope for, to with for, to ſtay for,
to ſend-for, to ſeek for, &c.
For nothing, de nihilo, pro nihilo, gratis.
For the nonce, de induftria, ex induftria, ex compofito.
Word for word, verbum verbo, ad veibum, verbatim. Letter
for letter, ad literam.
Sometimes for is needlefly put at the endof a ſpeech,and nothing
to be made in Latine foz it : as, There were more, I, beleeye, than.
you think for.
But.
But afferthe wozd nothing befoze a berb, is made in Latine. by
quam: as, I can do nothing but weep, You do nothing but laugh,
He doth nothing bur play.
But after nothing, and befoze a Noun oz Pzonoun is made by
quin, o2 quod non : as, There is nothing ſo hard bur labour.will - /
* avercome it; I think nothing is done but you know it.
Bat after cannot is made in Latine by nonand an Infinitive
mood, oz by quin and a #ubjunctive.
But after wazds ſignifying not doubting, not: hearing, not.
thinking, not making queſtion,and the like, ixmade in Latine by
quin : as, I donot| doubt but ] he will do it,I do not | fearebut]
he is returned , I makeno [queſtion but] I ſhall ſee him. @3 you -
make bur in this ſenſe by ne non, oz make nothing foz bur, by turn-
tng the Nominative into the Accufative cafe,znd the Uerb into the
Infinitive mood,
Bur after negatives bÞ-quin : as, No man is ſo learned but.
he may Jearne more, None is ſo ignorant but he knowes
- this; As likewiſe in ſuch ſpeeches, Who is ſo unlearned but he
knows this ?
But after wozds of Timeis fometimes put foz when, and made by -
cum ; a8, There were not ten days paft, but the other young ſon -
was killed, j.e. When,
Wien but ſignifies only,make it in Latine by a wad ſignifying -
only, tantum,ſolum, &c, as, I'did but putbim from me, Would -
3 . p X "Tx af , 4 4 %
. 2 . , . : p
The English Accidence)
tittes by modo ; as, Dobut ſee, Vide modo : If you doſbut]
con{ider, Si modo confideres,
When but is as much as except, it ismade in Latine as except,
by nif, prater, przterquam, &c. as, None but you would ſay 10,
Who but you would do ſo? What remainesbut patience?
Bat that is madgein-Latine by nif quod ; as, Bur that the Lord
Was on my fide, I had periſhed in my trouble,
But that befoze ſignes of the Potentiall mood is made by niſt ut:
as, I defirenothing elſe but that I may dy ; andafter Compars-
tives by quam: as, I defire nothing more but that I may dy, 5. e.
than that.
But pzeffreo by wap of Erþoztation is rendered by quin: But go
alone, but let us play firſt. | :
But foris made in Latine by abſque, and an Ablative caſe :
But for me you had died at that time, But for your oathes I
would not be you. 99, were it not for, If it had not been
for, 8c. ;
But yet, attamen, veruntamen,
But alſo, verum etiam, quin etiam.
--- is made by non quodnon ; as, Not butIam happy
enough. |
Bur in other ſignifications is a Conjunction Deſeretibe, and
made in Latine by ſed, verum, autem, vero, and the like. Note that
autem, and vero, muſt never be the firſt wozd of the ſentence; ed,
\
atzatqui, cxterum always firſt.
Note that you mult uſe non autem, neque vero, age vero, ane ,
Vero, cum vero, enim vero, at vero; not neque autem,age autern,
fanc autem, enim autem, cum autem. |
At.
At moſt commonly ts the ſigne of the Ablative cafe : Ac firft
fight. At every third word. At the firſt occafion. At every ſtep he
fumbles. Tell me at one word.
-—
-
At befoze games and ſpozts is a (ligne of the Ablative caſe :. as,
Who will play at Cards ? Wil you play atDice? Can you play.
at Cheſs?
At befoze wozds of pgice is commonly the ſign of the Ablative
eaſe ; as, He holds it at a —_ them at three pence
Pd
a" LT
gs ny
NM.
” ” RR oom_ - -——_———_ CO — OOO _ =_
. & ” 5%
.
PN. wi
?
. -
=
. by pe
-
"_ =
.
” — a --
The Englith Accidence]
At this rate, Hac conditione, Rebus fic ftantibus, R'- r4-
tiones
At befoze wozdsof time is the ſigne of th2 Ablative caſe : as, ./
four of the clock, at night, at what time {v:ever. Sometimes it is
made by the P;epcfiffon adand an Accuſative caſe, v2 the Pzepoſi-
tion in and an Ablative. >
Atbefoze the pzoper name of a plece, ts the figne of the Genitive
caſe : 88, At London, I was at York; He ftudyed at Cambridge;
He lived at Oxford.
ut if tde pzoper name of the place; be of the third Deelenſion,
o2 want the ſingular number, then | at )'is the ſigne of the Abla-
tibe caſe ; as, At Tibur, at Carthage, at Venice, at Thebes, ax ;
Athens,
When at befoze a wozd of place is as much agin, ft iga fign of
Bd
—_ —
by prope. \
At befoze home o2 houle, is made by the Genitive caſe domi ;
-a8, He is not at home, He is at our houſe, T
At ſometimes is part of the ſtgnification of the wozd going befoze,
and then it is a ſign of ſuch caſe as 'the wozd twill babe after it * ay,
To be angry at, to wonder at, to grieve at, to laugh at, to bar
at, to aymat, &c, Sometimes it ts parfof the ſignification of the
wozd comming after ; as, To be at work, z. e. to work, To be at
flady, i.e. to ſtudy, To be at play, i.e. to play ;: Amd in
this caſe it may be made the WUerb, oz an Ablatibs caſe and
- ng in; as, You areal wayes at play, when I am at
udy, F
At befoze coſt and charges is the ſign of the Ablative caſe, oz fs
made bythe Pzepoſitionde : as, Hemaintaineth the whole army
at his own coft: ThH\ book was printedat my charges. |
At your perill, cum tno periculo. |
+ At moſt, a& ſumming us plurinuw;ut maximum, |
ROW 56
_—_—
WF - .' TheEnglilsAccdence. - - --
b& 26 - Atlength, tandem. |
2: Acleaf}, ſfaltem,ad minimum, *
Arlaft, adextremum., |
Ae pleaſure, at'will, at deſire, de 62 ex yoluntate; ad 92 pro
arbitrio ; as, l undertook this butinefſe-at your defire, Ican do it
at my pleafure, He 184-tenant at will. 15ut at will oz pleaſure of
another ſometimes by precario..
Art leaſure, otioſe, per otium. Conſider every thing at
leaſure. ;
Athand;ad manum,przſto.But when at hand ſignifies appro-
ching neare,in proximo,in propinquo: as,the day of battell was
now at hand. | |
At once, ſimul et ſemel. R_
Atunawares, ex improviſo, inoptnato,nec ex opinato,he came.
upon theenemy at nhawares. ' 054
Athisback, 4 tergo. | |
At 2 venture, at randam , at” rovers : in” incertum ,temere..
You fpeak arrandam : heſhot an an arrow ata venture.
At preſent, in preſenti, in preſentia, in. manibus, I have no-
news to write at preſent.
>» Then.
Then after a wozd of the Comparative degree befoze a Noune oz:
P2onoune, cauſeth thit Nounc v2 P2zonoune to be put in the Abla-
* tibe caſe: as, colder then ice; blacker then pitch; whiter then.
ſhow; he that is prouder then thee, is worſe then the Devil. |
But if then come after a Comparative degree, but not immedt-
ately befoze a Noune oz Pzonoune , thenit ts made in Latine by
quam. You read more then you underſtand. I can write more
caſrly then. indite. He rather laughs then weeps.
* When then ſignifies at that time, it is made in Latine by the -
Adverb tum oz tunc.
When then ſignifiesnot time, and is joyned with interrogato--
ry cpeectes it is madeby igitur ; as, What they ſhalll ſay ? And.
2 hedead then ? Sometimes by poſtca, og porro: as, Quid tum.
Poſtea? Quid tum porrd? What then? What of all that?
;
%.
F 3
—_— — p_ —_ <
- cath. —
" A Þ X
F ©
—_ -
—_— s dou} --. Ds ww .
. Y i
Pw _ - - _z _
< ww 4. is - ” an th. Corb eu art load Ho. a. 2. .” 4
: I —— _——_—— - _ - - 4-4 i ns how
. o = _ - - —
*
" .
4
—O— W444 wo wool ot Geet 4h In
% © .
—_— AT
— ——
+
All. |
When all is.as much as whole it is made in-Latine by tocus:.
as, With all my heart,j. e. with my whole heart. 0 totus terra-
rum orbis,all the world; totus annus, all the yeare ; totus dies,
all theday ; tota vita, all my life. In otþzr ſignifications it is
- made by omnis oz univerſus. |
At all, omnine, prorſus, ſometimes admod um, uſque ; There
was no fightatall; That tenant was not in the houſe at all;
Nothing ac all-z Scarce at all. Sg njhil quicquam, Vix ac ne
'VIX quidem. (
In all; when it is joyned with wezdsof number without a Sub-
Rantibe, make it by in ſumma, in numero. Sometimes by totus
and omnis ; as, The debt is in all five pounds, i. e. the whole
debt 3 They were in all three thouſand,z. e. theyall; How fnany
are they in all? C
To be all in all; omnia przſtare, omnium vices preftare, ***
All alone, ſolus, oz prorſus ſolus.
By.
4%
By befoze the inſtrument wherewith, oz the manner how
tbing is done, isa ſigne of the Ablative caſe ; as, Chrift over-
came the Devill [by ] hisdeath, not by armes; Charls by the
grace of God.
Sometimes by is a Noun Adjective: as, by-cnds, by-reſpeRs,
by-ways; then it is made in Latine by malus, ſiniſter, inhoneftus,
obliquus, and the like. |
By when it hath the ſignification of from fs made in Latine by
a, ab, 82 ex : as, I underſtood it [by] 02 | from] your letters. ©
after all wozds of underſtanding, knowing, perceiving, ſeetng,
'greſling , judging, andthe like ; as, I perceive by your words :
I ſee by your face; You may gueſſe by my glove how great
my hand is, |
. By after tþe ſignification of Paſſives is the ſign of te Datibe
Caſe: as, Godis to be worſhipped by all. Pare nts are honored by
good children.
By after the Conipardtive degree istþe ſigne of the Ablative ar
i "OY Higher by three foot: More learned by many degrees.
p fo be made by quando : as, By what time ſha}l we ſee. you here
6 : "M's at
Lo
fi ks , ay
i .
By befoze wo2ds of tims, When it ſignifies juſt at ſuch oz. ſuch a
time, and not befoze oz after, ts the ſign of the Ablatibe cafe , oz
ism-* by the Pzepoſition cum :- as, He roſe by break of day, I. |
will be with you by Tueſday next, He came to me by four of Þ ||
the clock. ['}
But in this ſenſe when it is as much as betore it is made by ante, '1
wben as much as abour,by cicciter, ſub,o2 ad. | |
y this /time, Jam; Supper fhould have been ready by this
tive.
By what timegby that time,'s as much as when fn the future,and -
again ? By that time you returne I will be here. &9 by whar
tins, inſignification of the time paſt: Ic was by that time ab-
ay . |
But when by chat timeis agmuch as beforezit is made by priu(- -
02 antequam :; as, You will be. wiſer by that time, 3. e. be*
ore you are twenty years old, |
..- By befeze wozds of place is the ſign of an Ablative caſe ; oz if ts :
e by per, and an Accuſatibe caſe : as, Iwillgo by London..:
hag ſhalt go by ſea tothe Indies. | ly
Aut if by befoze a wozd of place, intimate refting oz doing ſome- - »—
thing neer that place, it is made in Latine by prope, propter,juxta, |
oz ad, with an Accuſatie caſe ; as, By the waters of Babylon we .
ſat down and wept. Sometimes by ſecus,oz ſecundum.
. By befoze the Enaliſh of the Participle of the Pzeſent tenſe isa -
ſign of the Gerundin do; as Thou ſhalt learn to write well, by ;
writing often,
By inofher ſignifications, as, in ſwearing,beſeeching, and when -
if bath the ſignification of through is made in Latine by per,and an +
Acculafive caſe.
Sqnetimes by fs part of the wozd going befoze: as, A thing hard :
to come Þy, i. e. found, gotten, obtained; fo to paſs by, and |
fþ2 like, | | as
By the ſpace of ismade by per : as, By the ſpace of twenty days, ..
By the ſpace of thirty furlongs. - .
To ſet by, zftimare; To ſet much by, magni zftimare; To ſer +%
light 4 8 dl z(timare 2 as, He that ſetteth much by himfcl£ ; *
kexterh lightly by others. Ju other ſenſes ſepono, to ſerby.
«
: ©
«ch, + ” -
a)
.- The-Englih Aooidence. ©
By means of, by reaſon of, propter,, per, ex oz prz* As, By
meanes ofthe difſenfion and difcord of the noblemen. He is
miſerable by reaſon otlove.
By that meancs, eo pa&to, modo, ea ratione : By no means,
nullo pato , modo, nulla ratione; By what means, quo pato,
modo, qua ratione; By any means,by all meanes, yuoquo patto,
mod9. |
By it ſelf, per ſe; By my ſelf, per me. 15ut in me experior, I
finde by my elf.
By day,de die; By night,denoGe.
By and by, mox, brevi, &c.
By the by, obiter,
By the way, 4. e. (lightly, obiter, curſim, ſtrictim, leviter, per-
fun&orie, in tranſitu. 2:
By the way, i.e. in going, in itinere, in via: as, Salute my
irtend by the way. Ws
Byis a fign vf an Adverb: as, By heart, memoriter 3 By
degrees, gradatim; By drops, guttatim ; Man by man, virt-
_ One by one, fingulatim ; Day by day, quotidie,* in fingu«
os dics. 1144 1
%
Ld
One another S
Pay many ways bemade in Latine, moſt generally by mutuo
02 invicem ; as, They loved one another ; They wounded one
another. Sometimes by inter ſe, inter nos, inter vos, 82 a»
lius alium.
—
By any means
Is commonly made by ullo modo, pafto : If by any meanes, ,
: iquo modo, patto; fi ullo modo. It you can by any. means I pray
3 you helpe mee,
#}.-* * Uhenby any means,by all means, impozts ſomething necefarily
| ' tobedone,make it by omnino,oz ante omnia, oz quoquo modo? ag,
You mult help mee by any means.By all mecanes be ſare you write |
to met. 9 in any wiſe, omnino,prorſius.1n no wiſe,neutiquam ,
nullo modo,non omnino, - |
T4 ;
| =
o þ Db , ſ ; As
©
- ” TE 2 > -
w- %
—=_
© ThEidglich Abcidence;
Arif, #sthough,
Ac at; fi perinde atq;, perindequnaft. He Iooketh as
ifhe 6h, quit, 4 bp ſhe _— wil y6u all,
As it were,quaſ:,
As great as, by quantuſcungz : as little as, quantuluſcungz.
As great as wy povertie'ts, Fcant lend you ſo much as : as listle as
' my WwitisI perceive ſo much.
As ſoonas, fog as quickly as, by quam priniitti; as fgbn as; fox
when as, byquum primum, ut primumn, faniutafque. As ſoon ds
you- are come to your journeys end, write to me as ſoon as
you can.
As to, as rnehing,
Pake by de 02 ab, oz quantumad : as, Asto this pait, we will :
ſecure yon.As touching his army,hie wasready.As to his cloaths,
he was fine enough. Astouching my body] am very well, but as
gouching my mind, l am fick. +
As well as;
Xque atq; , juxta atq;, pariter atque, juxta cum, tamſ quam,
quam, non minus quan) You know as well as hee. I love
thee as well as my ſelf, |
: «%
Away, away, #. e. fic, fie; apage. - |
Far aways l. E, b far; lo e 02 multo-: 4s he is fac Fi the
better mari 7 ks 7 away
' Away,fo; far off; longs, procul 3 : as, be it faraway from ae
| to harbour ſych chonghns ;
Awayfoz hence oz from hence,js commonly included inthe
to which tt is annexed: as, To take away. To alk meg. To |
, .%
6 3 — a
% 4 p
of -
. ti - :
[] , v4
—_— =
_ LS. 4 : ig -
if "—— »C\ . 4 .
"S % : « .
4 .. WY S \ SC
” _ FB 4 tf : a7 - >4.ax
uM — ' "8.
oo -
-"R wo
I eee te HO eg
hs 5 Sor ” et | g af ; | = : : "Y |
- The Engliſh Accidenge]
Anife. .
: "To doanplia, male 'perperam agere : as, You do amifſſe,
Ie will not bt amifſe; non abs re crit; as,It will notbe amifſe,
to ſhew you-whether, you pronounce amille.”
Amends. fors, requite:
Too make amends; recompenſare,paria facere pro: ny ſhall ne-
ver make you amends for your courtefie. To make amends for a
Spultipxplare: ; 88, my future diligence ſhall make Mopar: my
former negle&,
« Behind:
When. bebind ſignifies ſomething remaining, it is mad# by
ſiipereſt, reſtat, reliquum, 02 the like : as, T's morrow & will pay
you al] that is behind,
Ray befoze wozds of perſons 92 place. is made ws _— 92 poſh
food behind Caſtors temple. A tergo, et poſt tergum, be-
bindor ones back. Ad terga recipere,. to. take-bchind. him ; poſt
CI behind noone.
4 | Beſide. Whoa ler: Ys Lan -
| Befidesthar, When itis joyned with no caſe,is made generally by preterea;
Preterquam but with a caſe by ſuper, przter,extra. Mad; as,beſides theſe gifts;
quods I will adde this more.
—_ de foz alſo ma» be made by quoque: a8, His age” boſkles x was
port ipe for ſuch buligelſes;...
chdes foe an ay ) by inſuper; as, This beſides T will
el your |
|
—- - _
Ment fo 1 Wogan Ms Beyond
'P 'T, 4 ff, £9
" As veneral}y mob? by ulcra, ſometimes by ſuper, apes, Das
tcr, extra 7 as, —_—_ meaſure, beyond his boynds,
a | _—"
, "Mr 2 Shiulg.
x - FL ” -
Pt nds if -þ Gy
" 4 6 " > Py :
4 4
CO eee eee EE
TheEhglish Arcaflence}
Should.
When ſhould is as, much as, ought, it is made by Debeo oz
oportet. |
- Dtherwiſe it is the ſign of the Potentiall mood; where nofe that
ſhould have muſt be made by the pzeterpluperfect tenſe, not the
pzeterperfect ; as, I ſhould rather haye ſaid the contrary. What
ſhould I haye done there longer? You ſhould have tarried ſupper.
Would.
- When would is as much as deſire it is made by volo, cu-
ploy, &c. .. ]
| Dtherwiſe it is the tign of the Potentiall mood.
In compariſon of.
In compariſon of is made by prz,fometimes by ad oz quantum $9 inyeſheft of | -
ad, in comparatione, Thou ſcemeſ happy in ma of us. "—_—
He thinks them rudein compariſon of himſelf. Beyond compare.
Beyond all compariſon, longe plurimum, incomparabilites; 02 .
if it muſt be an Adjective , incomparabilis. . |
In compariſon of without a caſe is made by prz quam: as,
boa akne thing in compariſon of, when they kill all be-
ore them. :
- %
Saas 5
6. I. Cd ed |
Concerning, Touching, | |
4 j
Is made by de,ſuper, and an Ablative, ſometimes by ſecundum, Concerning
in, and an Accuſatibe; as, The old husband complained much math 6G
x concerning his rich and deformed wite. He diſputed much con- - ſpeltat ad;
cerning that matter. - Toth; ©. 5 bh: L
5
Conſidering
-
&
Asvoft times a pzepoſition and made by. pro 2 a8; I'Ghopght two Soantaw by =
talents enough confidering my eſtas. Thebatcel] waggrencet chen ——_s ap
was Expected confidering the numbes ofthe men,; 44442
, 'Ga * Wb Cone
”
Y LJ
—_— = ;
-m<
= +%
©, *2
CC
= ' k «4 - + MK « _
Ws 4 \ 4 « Fe. & 4 | : Ed. , . Ip
+” LI —— a -- 35 2: x: X .
mod - Ss pit : { oY -— 0 "*< *. : ” 4 av 7.3 _P
> Ts 4 * -
» 4 = ” - . d.. F
þ *£ - *" "”
C # © .
A , 4 —
Contrary to
- 1 Is frequently made by contra oz przter : ag, This thing haps
'._ - pened contrary to my hope,” You do contrary to all ſenfe and
£5 reaſon. . "ENIGER
Onthecotttrary, Econtra,e diverſo,excontrario, & regione,ex-.
oppolito,cx-adverſo,vice verſa, &c.Contrary wile, in contrarium..
Downe.
WW Downewars,, Downe commonly is part of the fignification of the- wozd going.
drorſus, befoze: as,to come downe,to look downe,and is uſyally made by-
de incompolition.
Downe befoze a caſe is commonlp-made by per oz ſecundum:
as, downethe ſtream, downethe river; upfide downe,prepofterus,
inverſus; up and downe, ſurſum deorſum,yltro citrog;,
Even.
PII . "I IT"
—_— — -
2 gr WA. +. AAACN AE ook 4 oo 1 AAS.
.* _ _— = o
— ”_
= * = .
© Rrenforcven» Evenihen it igoppoſed to odd, o2 fquifes epnetity, is made.
| ing, weſper, Par: as, Every number is cither even or oda. Now . yau and 4:
| arc even:
Even the conjunction bp vel, ctiam,o2 nempe:; as, Who wonld
Not beleeve even this} who knows you Þ T had rather even-die;
then loſe all.
Even now, jam jam, jam nunc, nunc jam.
Even from; jam indeab, ab ufque; ag, even from my cradle,
| even from my childhogd;. Even to, 'afq; ad, oz ad aſq; , even to
_ - thisday; hewasSangry evento madnefle. .
ia ww OA.
R as d
.
« > _— 4 DOCS C4 ago 64. a ec.
Every.
When every is asmuch as all, it maybe made by omnis 02 uni-
verſus : as, every one thinketh the ſame, ;, e. all thinke the fame:
7 but when it tignifteth eachone particularip,it is made by quiſque, oz
: ſinguli quique, unuſquiſque : as, Let every man ffand in his owne
place; every thing in 115 cime ;, but with nouns of number it is anly
. made by quiſque:: as, every third pan, at every third word, every
foarth day. | GE » Y 2
ed - OW Every
, e's TL Ta :
. 4 — Þ
_—y
..
: % 1 © &. : h a _ wo .* a p -_ '» "0 5 KS » x 4 . "= . » : So .
A, oy " - ; þ
a 8 The Eng li A C 3d en
Þ N |
Every befoze wozds of time, fs either made by quod and an Abla* The wort'sf'Y
tive cafe ; a5, quotannis, every yeare; oz by in and an Fccnſative : HLme muſt p
89, Every day, every yeare,cvery week, every houre. | Plutall wing
Every when it ſignifies all oz the whole, is made bp ad : as, H: |
paid meevery farthing, i.e. toa farthing. Ile make-you eat it
every bit, i. e.to a bit.
Every other, alternus quiſque, Every other day, Every where,
ubique; Every way, on every fide, quoquoverſus, undique, un-.
diq; verſug, circumcirca, —
Saving .:
Fzoftas much as «xcept, v2 unleſfe and beſide;and tsaccogdingly - \
made in Latine by przter, extra, nift, przterquam : a8, Now there - *
is no ſaving you. I write to none (ſaying yuu,Sametimes by nil >
quod : It is the yery fame, ſaving that we uſe ather words.
Ernher,
Ifeither be ſpoken of two, it is made by akeruter : as, -If either. ..
of them had come, I had not cared. Drherwiſe-it is made by vel oz
aut : as, Either it is day, or itis not.
That. . Butinwords of
X number it is
Then what asketh a queſtion and is joyned with a- Subſtantive, 22% by quous
if is made by quis, quz, quid: as, What kind of lite is not full 5 aye" ot wy
trouble? What peacecan wicked men expe&t? what chapter is
When what is as much 28 that which, it is made. in Lating by i*. what verſe
euod ; as, What I tell you is moſt true, i. e. that which | %7t? what con-
well you: Jagation isi4 of
In other caſes what is made by quid: as, What is God ? What 7; ogen:
is ſmne ? What isfaith ? I know not.what I ſhould (ay. day of moneth
*What a befoze a Subſtantive;is made in Latine by qualis: ag, # tu? ©
What a man are you? Whata lifeis this 2: : | *:0 what anc
Whata befoze an Adjective oz Particip!e, is made in-Latine-bp Ic is 25 nweb +
am: as, What a fooliſh man you are ! What a, firange thing 25 hw. :
t q is! Whata faithfull friend he is! What #Toving Maſler 19 wh# a:
iz iD G3 ' AS
v F. 444
7
3
5
:
!
MORER Re PIrenti® Angell is.
ut
=
” ©.
t-
wt
$i {
\tl Y
l :
j :
, ;
Warrant,
Big 4 But when a oz an after what is onely the ſigne of a Notning« -
j 5 ſuele phraſes tibe caſe, then is what made by quid; as, If you knew whata
Jrhe verb muſt ſcholar owes to his maſter. As it you had not learnt what -an
The Engliſh Accidence. *_
According, Accordingly
According to is generally made by ſecundum oz juxta and an
Accuſafive caſe :'O deal not with me 6 Lord-according to my
deſerts: Have mercy -upon me according to thy wonted ' lo-
ving kindnefle.
rind? ut, According as generally is made by prout oz ſficut; I will doe
- . _accordingas you commanded, According as you deale with 0-
others, they will deale with you.
"Accordingly is made bp juxta, pariter oz perinde: as, I pray
you tel} me your minde, that I may doe accordingly. Ng
Sometimes it may be made by <x and an Ablative : as, Hee
ſpeakes according to art; lives according to cuſtome.l according
to my maſters command require the monie of you according to
the lawes of this Kingdome. fn
Sometimes by pro and an Ablative.; I will doe ic according to
my power. No man can praiſe himaccording to his worth. ..
(|
Warrant, Ile warrant you,or I warrant you.
> 3
> , ® -
LY
.
—_
When this phzafe is uſed ſeriouſly and encouraging, it is made
by me vide, o2 ne mctuas: as, He will come at the time appointed,
I warrant you. You ſhall receiveno injury Ile warrant yow. :
1Sut when it is uſcd ſcoznfully, jeſtingly and ironically, ic fs
made by ſcilicet,nempe vero, proculdubio,o2 the like. A marvaile
I warrant you it is1t a whore carry her ſelfe immodeftly. 1 war-
* Tant you, you will neyer give it me. .
"When warrant ſignifies to beare one harmleſfe oz to fecure one;
then it is made by ſecurum facere. reddere, defendere, excuſatum
- dare and the like : as, Will you warrant me if I doit ? 6-1
_ When warrant ſignifies fs look to, have a care, take order'o;
. the like, it t# made'by providere, curare,efticere, &c.as, will yaw,
_ "warrant me, my. Father ſhall not know it? F--3" 2
Ile be your
{ #%S +
7
3 4 - ” Y p FE.
. 25 ; >." oF> _—_
: p _ a © mw
. , = % =
£ ” o > - od
bs pe ”
*
The Engliſh Accidences
Man or men.
Uhen by man you meane the natiſre of man, and the thing
fpoken belongs both to men and women; then uſe the wozd Homo
foz man; not vir :as5 Every man it dead hn fin. Man is made for
Godsglory.
Ehen by man you meane a man, and not a woman, make it by
J vir not homo: as Eraſnuis a man ofan exa& judgment. Aman is
a morc noble creature then a woman.
When by man you meane a ſervant make it by ſervus : as, My
- fathers man ſaw your man talking with another gentlemans
2 Gs:
-» .
- « ” "4 pL
| —_—_ i
: , S *
tt. .
TY Y'
man in the marker, _—
Above. |
#
Abovemap generally be made by ſuper oz ſupra; as, He. placed |
me above himſclfe, Above all mens hope. There were above a
thouſand,, Above fifry times. He hath been fick above a |
<> years Jet 4
' But above befoze number of time may be made not onely bY Morethen? | d
ſuper and ſupra, but'by plus,amplius,magis and diutius: ae,I was Nore thar in
there above, 3. e. more then thirty dayes. He lived with yon above *bis ſenſe mg
halfe a yeare. They fought above foure houres: | o__ [ar x agad
7) Sofabove befo28 number of things may be made bp ſuper,ſupra, __ have Sis |
plus : 48, He gave him above twenty wounds. Above ten:thou- them an Abla«.
ſand were taken, riveAccuſative.”
- Above by wap of comparing,. before others, the reſt,all'and the ornigny
like, may likewayes be made by ante, przter and an Accnſative ſpeeth requires. ©
eaſes. 92 pre; and an Ablattbe : as, He excelled in wit: above * More |
mane |
' _ FOver andabove befoze a cafe is made by ſuper,extra, przter oz
ad and an Arcuſative caſe ; as, Over and above the prey there bout aa ates
weretaken foure thouſand : over and above my other miſchiefs-+ Beg 6 6
this alſo happ:ned. bh. 8 | IS Oy
-: Qverand above that by ſuper, n2 ſupra quam quod, 82-in ſuper Beſides thy © © +
quam quod: as, Over and above he fought ill, hemuch diſcoura- Pferquam =
ged his Sonldiers by his ſpeeches. SENG...
Whey overand aboyeig jopned with no.taſeandis as Much rs be”,
| LL LC _ More. vere. $$
"Pm
> Fo,
AJ
”
l >. : E
RS om —a————
” moreover, it is made by inſuper, amplius,preterea 3c abundanti:
| Xue gy
©, OR,
X +" Meabout to follow bim.
-
w
: - p VS
* = x Fad ow 4 17 i
= Y E
« % A. 8 , 2 "_
| ; a _ , C
> Ts f « a = be *.0
- \ oo .
WV =%
et <7"
| Thie Ee Atcidences © *
CCs
as, This 1 will add over andabove.
From above;ſuperne,Gefuper : as, True wiſdome cometh from
aboye. TheLord from aboveſhall thunder out of hea ven. He was
(ain with (tones from above.
Zametimes above is part of the ſſgnificitien of the woedd:; as,
exccdo to gve above. +I will not goe above your price, i.'e, 1
will bc exceed.
About.
| About befoze wopds of number is made by circker, quaſi, fepe,
prope, ferme, plus minus, 02 ad with an Accuſative Caſs t as, His
oule is diſtant from thecity about two miles. They journeyed
adout fiſteene dayes, We were about two hundred — c
filled abour forty hogſheads. They were about three h
which had made this conſpiracy.
About befoze wozds bf time is made by ſub,circa,circiter 87 ad
and an Accuſetive caſe: ag, He returned about noone. About
the time of the battell he was faſt aſleepe. She came co me aboug
ſevere the clock,
About befoze wydsof perſon and place, is made by circa, ae
circunx!.as, There were but few about che King when i ſaw him
A good captaine walkes about his campe.
bus when about tignifies round abour, it is made edinarily
by circum , moze ſeBome by circa: as, There was a purphe* weld
abou: his cloake.
Round abaut,fez by courſe o in.a round, oz ring,is made by in
orbem:as, drink about.
Round about oz all about put adberbially without acaſe is mads
by circuty,circum circa, circuitu, undiq; oz uſquequaq; : ag, He
ſent into all theeountries round about,
About whenif ts put foz concerning, is made by circa and an
Accuſative ,. 02 he with an Ablative : as, Iipoke to him
about your bulineſſe.
Abour befoze the-englith of the Infinitive mood activ#is the hn
of the future in.cus; as, My father when he was about to die ſaw
NN OOY a. "- is
x; >
Aa The Eoglih Accidence)
- made by futurum ut and a Potentiall mood : as, He is about to be
killed, futurum eft ut interimatur. Which was about to be re-
vealed, quod futurumerat ut revelaretur.
Sometimes about is papt of the {ignification of the berb : as, To
goc about a thing, 7. e. toundertake it. To bring a thing about,
z.e.to effect it, To bring a thing about againe, i.e. to renew it;
Redintegrare, renovare. |
Det times about is erp2efſed by circum, in compoſifion with
the verb; bs How much monie doe you carry about with you?
circumterg.
Abroad.
Alhen abroad is joyned with wozds ignifying moving to ſome
place out ofdoores, 982 out ofan other place, make It by foras :
as, Hee is walkedabroad into the feilds. IR
When abroad,is oppoſed to at home oz within, oz is jopned with
Wozds lignifying ſomething being oz done in one place, out of
another, then make it by foris : as, They are alwayes together
both at home and abroad. Armes can doe little abroad, if there
benot policie at home. Why doe you ſeek for that abroad of
others,which you may have at home? :
When abroad, ſignifies afarce off, in a ftrange country,make
it by peregre : as, He hath been a ſouldier abroad theſe twenty
yeares,
When abroactfignifi es in the open aire, make it by ſub dio:
as, who but a mad man would ſtay abroad fo late at night?
When abroad fignifies openly,publickly,in the fight and view
oftheworld,nake it by publicum:as,he dares not appeare abroad,
7.6. in,publick,
All abroad, upand downe, here and there, make by paſſim,dif-
perhim, ſparſim, diffuſe, undiq; oz the like.
Sometimes abroad is part of the fignification of the berb,and is
erpzeſſed by dis in compoſition : as, to ſpread abroad, diffundere
diſpergere; to ſow abrozd, difſeminare,
*D
N yo Rl
_}
if The fecond
#- On the other
:
3 - | 7
oo + | $4
£m : a
4'f [1 ;
:
part or fide,
"VERT T wice 2s.
Even,
; Or by.atbinc,
——— Y *
The Engliſh Accidence?
Afreſb, again, anew
Js commonly made by de, ab, ex, integro, denuo, rurſus,rar-
fum oz iterum ; 2g, I muſt begin all my ſtudies afreſh, anew ,
#2 againe. "
ut when againe ſignifies on the other part, it is made by in--
vicem 03 vicifſim : as, Thave writ to you how things are in the
city; write you now againe to me how things are in the
country. \
When againe comes after Adjectives, comparing one thing
With another , 'put pour Adiectibe into the comparative degree,
and make againe by duplo oz altero tanto: as, Lam as big againe
as you. Heis as rich againeas]1, ;. e. twice as rich,
Sometimes againe is as much as even,.and tobe made by etiam
o2 vel : as, I ſweat againe with labouring, j. e. I even ſweat.” But
with cilloz untill, make it-by quoad,uſq- : as, le cudgell you, till
you ſtinke againe: but in tþis fenfe you may elegantly change pour
* Uerdinto a ſubſtantive of theſame fignitication with ad uſq;: as,
ad ſudorem uſq; , till you: ſweat againe; ad fxtorem uſq;, till
you ſtink againe.
Apgaine and againextiam atq; ctiam: iterum atq; iterum : ſemel
atq; iterum. Icerum ac. ſzpius : as, I intreat you againe
and againe.
Back againe is made by retro ; as, He walked back againe into
the city, but oftentimes it is expzeſſed by fhe Pzepofition re In come
polition ; as,revacare,to call back againe; reverti, to turne againe
and the like. |
Affoe«
When agoc comes after a caſe you may make it by ante ſet befoze
tbe cafe ; as, Their father died two and twenty yeares agoe. He
departed from us ſeven months agoe.
But when fince comes after agoe make it by nuncoz jam: as,
It is a yeareagoe fincel ſaw hira. It is eight months agoe fince he
came to you. Note that in ſuch phzaſes pou muſt expzefſe your nu-
- meratl bpan ozdinall ; as, oftavus eſt menkis..
Long agoc, pridem,jam pridem, dudum,jam dudum,how long
. : 7 | agoc
| 4 _ The English Accidence}
agoe,quam dudum, quam pridem; not long agoe, a while agoe,a
little while agoe,nuper, jam modo, non ita pridem. Three dayes
agoc, nudiuſtertius; Foure dayes agoe, nudiuſquartus, &c,
In all points, parts,wayer,
Bake by omnibus numeris, omni modo, ratione, undiq;, uſ-
quequag;, Heisa man perfe&t in all points. _
All ae gnce, fimul et ſemel ; you muſt drinke it all at once.
Whether y_u goe or ſtay it is all one. mibil refert,
Itis al
all oneto me whether T liveor die.
F Or, or Vpor.
When on, 02 upon cotnes befeze a wozd of place, it is made it
Latine by in, and an Ablative caſe: as, The cup ſtands on the
table; che Bird fits on the tree; the Bull lay on the graſfle.
Buf if on 62 upon come befs:e a wozd of place, after a wozd
fignifying motton to that place, it is made in Lafine by in, and an
Accuſative caſe; as, he fell on the earth; he ran upon me; he
light onhorſeback. ©s after verbs of beleevbing.
When on comes after berbs fgnifying depending, begetting,
oz the like, it is made in Latine by a, ab, abs, oz ex: as, all chings -
depend on God; he begat on his wife three ſons.
On befoze fide, oz parts of the world, is made by a 02 ab : as,
Godis on my fade, On the right hand, and on the lefe : On the
EaRt, and on the Weſt,
On befoze wo2ds ef time fs the figne of the Ablative caſe:as,On
Monday, on Saturday.
On the ground, Humi. |
On oz upon befoze muſicall inſtruments is the fign of the Abla-
tive caſe ; as, He played well on the harp.
Dtþerwiſe on oz upon is part of the lignification of the berb go-
ing befoze, and are the (ignes of ſuch caſe as the berb will babe af-
ter it;as,to ſmile upon;to call upon,gc. but moſt commonly it
be made in Latine by in,and an Accuſative caſe. | 4
'4
All one, perinde, idem, tantundemyuna res,unum & idem eft. ygy;q;uweg: #
one to me, alfa by nikil laboro, nihil moror ; ag, It is codem rec: dit, "
:
$1
\
\
CE * - 4 "I k Se Y
* TheFEngliſh Accidenee?
hr.
In ts commonly made by in and an Ablative caſe, oz an Ablatibe
caſe without in. £78
Pet in ſome ſenſes it may likewiſe be made by other Pzepoſitions,
as, Apud exercitum eſt, he is in the army: Apud animum meum
ſtatuo, I determine in my mind ; Inter manus a convivio aufer-
tur, he is caryed form the banquet in mens armes; Inter verba \
peccare, to offend in words ; Penes te culpa eft, the fault is .in
you ; Penes me eſt, itis in my power; Per iram,in his anger; Par
viam, in the way;Per vicos,in the ſtreets; Per omniazin all things;
Fl. Per nottem, in the night; Per ifta tempora, in thoſe times; Per
£® .jocum, in jeſt; De die, in the day time; De node, in the night
: Lanier caphte, he is fick in his head; ſecundum quietemg, in
' Pp ſleep; In optimam partem accipere, to take im good part; In
I longum trahere, to draw out in length; In ſpem univerſz przdz,
|- | in hope of the whole prey; In aurem dicere, to tell in ones
þ eares,
*} In without this ſigne to,is made in Latine by in,and an ablatibe -
caſe: as, in the Charch; in the Schoole.
In befoze the Authour oz wyiter of a book, is made in Latine by
apud, and an accuſative caſe ; as, As it in Virgil.As you may read
in Homer.
In befoze wo2ds of paice, ts the {igne of the ablative caſe: as, It
ftood me in three pence.
In befoze languagee, 8s, in Engliſh, in Latine, in French, 4s
made tn Latime by an adberb; oz you may wake it the Ablatihe . |]
with lingua. |
Into rs tnade tnLatine by in,and an accuſatike caſe ; as, into the
City; Into the Schoole,
Suck...
Such befoze an adjertive,is made in Latine by tam : as, 1 never
ſaw ſirch a fooliſh fellow: but comming immediately befoze a ſub-
ftantive,it is beſt tnade in Latineby illiuſmodi, iſtiuſmodi,oz cjuſ-
modi; becauſe they without all variation oz change, will ſerve to all
vaſes, genders, and numbers, 7
: | | 6
”—
The Englifh Aecidence: |
: The more.
An ſuch ſpeeches as theſe; the more tcrrible; the more cruell; $9 iy advert
the more learned thou art, the more. humble be thou. Foz the firſt as,'he oftnee
in Latine make quants,o2 quo,ut,with the Comparative degree;foz rok <
the ſecond make tanto,o? co, ita, with a comparative degree. ereeve JON!
Note that quantum rantum, quanto tanto, quo eo, quot tot, "
\s8 + qualis caljs, quam tam, quantopere tantopere , anſwer to ons
another.
Thing.
When you habe this Engliſh wozd thing put wifh an adjettibe,
you need make noLatinefoz thing, but put the adjectibe fn the ney-
ter gender, 6 uſe it like a ſubſtantibe:as, Many things have hinde-
redme, Fame is anevill thing.
| | [ Il, better,wor 'ſe, beſt, worſt, OG
After a ſubſtantive,and not comming tmrmediatly after the berh
Sum,are@dberbs,and to be m2de inLatine by male, melius, pejus,
optime, peſſime, |
C'S
————— _—_—
Muſt, or ought.
Muſt,oe ought is made in Latine by oportet,debeo, oz a gerund
in dum: as, abire oportet, abiredebeo, abeam oportet, abeundum
p eft mihi, I muſt goe hence. Legere oportet, legere debeo, legendum
eſt mihj, legam oportet, I muſt read.
Not.
Not may betmade by non,parum, haud,minus,nihil,neutiquam;
nuquaquam,minime. |
Not befoze the Engliſh of the Infinitive mood active, is wade by &
ne, 0z ut ne, with the pzeſent tenſe firſt *perſon of the Potential 4
"mood ; as, Not to ſay any more. Not to uſe many words, Nat © Io
to Keepe you in ſuſpenſe any longer, i, that I maynot,
P 3 | In
'b
3
The Engliſh Accidenee: |
In making Latine when non js put foz not, pou mult place it bes
foze the verb, though in Engliſþit come after it; as, 11love not chee
becauſe thou feareſt not God.
In pzaying and fozbidding, make not by ne, and put the berb in-
to the Subjunctibe mood ; as, O doe not forſake me. Love nos thou
ſloth. Doe not this evilL
Not that, non quod; Not but that, non quod non, with a @ub-
junatbe mood. Not that I feare him. Not but that I honour him.
Not atall, Nota jot, Not a whit, non emnino, nikil omning;
befoze comparatives, nihilo, you arenot a jot the better man.
Not azne, ne vel, ne velunus , ne with quidem, after the wozd
comming after a: as, He gave me not a word. He paid me not a
farthing.
Becommeth. Becomes.
When becomes,oz becommeth.is a berb imperſonall, it fs niade
in Latine by decet; when'tt ſignifies co be made,oz comes to beyit is
made by fo, 62 ſame other verb of the ſame ſignification; as, it be-
commeth no child to deſpaire;becauſe in time an unlearned child
becommeth learned; i. Is made learned, o2 comes to be learned ;
in any other tgnification it is made by deceo ; ag, Modeſty becomes
a child; vice becomes none.
Long.
3 When long is joyned with all, make nothing foz long, but
-—— totus fo? all: as, all che day long; all the yeare long; —— |
= em, per totum annum: fo, all my journey long. |
When long, ſignifies being in fault, oz being the cauſe of a
thing; it is made in Latine by in cauſa, oz inculpa: as,it is long of
you; tues in culpa. It ſhall not be long of me; Ego non ero in
cauſa,Ego nonero in culpa:but tn good things make it by in cauſa,
When long {{gnifies greatly to defire.it is made in Latine by a
berb lignifPing greatly todeſfre : as, it is long of thy goodnelle,
F that all the day long my ſoule doth long ro enjoy thy company,
2x4 ' Erelong make by breyi: fo, before ic be long. |
In cther (ignific:fions long ts an adjectibe,and made in Lafine
by longus, oz the like.
Along
oF The Engliſh Accidence,
F Along.
VWhenalong is joyned to with, it ts made in Latine by una;as,I
will goe along with you:otherwtſe make no Latine fog along; but
only the Pzepoſition which is jopned with, oz which is underſtood ;
as, | walked along the way;t.in the way.l rid along by theriver,
30.
So, map generally, and in atl caſes be made in Lafinsby ta*as,
fay yon.ſo ? Who ſayes (0? I did fo. mw
Befoze adjectives and adverbs you may put tam fog ſo; as, fo
learned; ſoelegant; ſo often.
Never ſo, quantumvis; fo many, tot; ſo much,tantus; ſo great,
| rantus; ſo often, toties,
F 8
As.
As generally map be made bp ut : Ir fell out as 1 deſired. My
mother brought her up as her owne. As they were cating and
drinking. s
As for by de,quod,ad, oz quantum ad, v. for.
When in comparing, as anſwers to as; the firſt ts made by tam,oz
non minus: the ſecond by quam:Aas,I am as valiant-as you,S0 zque
and atque. Dtherwife as is moſt commonly made by ut ; but as much
as, fs made by quantum ez idem quod': as, he ſaid as much as I;
Parity fgnihies as much as equality.
| When as make by cum,as alſo whereas; buf as foon as, by quum
primum. In as much as, tor as much as, by cum,quandoquidem,in
quantum.
When for as much as, ſignifies in as much as, 92 ſince thart,. if
is made in Latine by cum,quandoquidem, &s
When for as much as ſigniffes as far asit ts made by quantum:
as, for as muchas I underſtand, i. as far as.
ut for as mach as, with wozds of priceis made by quanti * as |
Ffold it for as much as it coſt me. s « : - "Or you-m2
* Doe ſo much for me as,make no Latin foz it:as,doe fo muck for make ie bythe.
| b dignars
mel pray you, asrulemy paper, i. rule my paper 1 pray you. a5if ir wer |
«
My veuchſeſe, -]
i +S
($4
- 4% .
C. -
- a. .v
6 ef The En A) h Accidence. | | |
My father intreats you to doe ſomuch for him as to dine with :
him, t. my father Intreats you to dine with him.
Make as well as, by tam, quam; as often as, by quoties; even as,
like as, by ficut, 862 quemadmodum, |
As long as, quamdiu.
As if, as though, qualz.
As much, tantus.
Being.
-Whenbetng comes betwirt two trozds, neither vf wþich are
governed of ansther wozd, oz habe any relation to another wozd, no-
fbing muſt be made in Latine foz being, but both muſt be put in the
A:1:tive caſe: as, Chriſt being my captain I will not deſpaire, Sa-
turne being King there was a golden age.
But if being come betwirt two wozds, and the fozmer þabe'xela-
tion to ſome other wozd, oz appeare ebidently not to be the abl
' £afe, thenis being onely a ſigne of Appoſition; i. that the wozd fo
'Jowing muſt be put in the ſame caſe with the wozd going bsfoge bar,
My father bcing a man, loved me his ſon being a child.
Sometimes being isas much as fince that, and then it is arcoq-
dingly made inLatine, as,ſfince that,by cum, quandoquidem,nz the 1
like; as;Bcing I have promiſed, I will performemy promile. 6
When being (ignifies as much as eſſence oz exiſtence,”ft fs
made tn Latine by efſentia ; as, the being of God is fimple and
<tcrnall,
. Sometimesbeing isas nuichas preſence ina place, then it ts
" ( madeinLatine byprzſcntia:as,my being there was very neceſſary,
Sometimes being is the (igne of a berb, oz at leaſt to be erpzefſed
by the Conjunttion quod, and a.berb: as, God being pleaſed to
make ſuch a promiſe ,makes me to hope for mercy; f. Becauſe it
hath pleaſed God to make ſuch a promiſe. So, your great love to
'.,« meisthe cauſe of my being bold to requeſt this of you ; t. that
1 have been bold to requeſt this of you.
Tet.
; When yetquſwers to,though, although, and the like ; it is as
"# gr aevercbeles much as nprwithſtanding* , andtobe made in Latine by tamen,
TIN Sp *.. : _ attamen
, . RP -
A
—_—
A
OATH TE -* :
2 "3.8 Re *; _ l p P . +.
" + A "OT "UA
[0
The English Accidencez *
A '07 the like; as, Though he kill me, yer will I truft |
in him, "i Wo [-
> _ t yet j8 made in latine by verumeamen;a8gbut yer why ſhould
ay ſo ? |
Notyer is made tn latine by nondum:as he is not yet returned;
it is not yet a yeare fincebfaw him.
Scarce as yet, vix dum.
. maben yetisas mud as hicherto, if is tnade in latine by adhuc,
if © 02 haftenus: 8s, Yer | have ſpoken onely of the foul. I have yet
onely told you his words. When it ſignifies ſtill mike it by ad-
huc, oz uſque,
Both.
When borkh is ſpoken of two, it is ngade in latine by ambo, oz
uterque : when and anſweretþ to both, it is made by juxta, pari-
ter, fmul, una, ct, cum oz qua; but in this caſe if cumbe latine fo; -
both, tum, oz cum, mult be latine fo; and. #9 if qua be latine fo?
both, qua likewiſe muſt be latine foz and. |
On both fides; utrinque,utrobiaque; to both places, utroquez
towards both places, utroque verſum,
How.
How bp it ſelfe is made inLatine by quomodo, but befoze an
adſecttbe oz adberb derived from an adjective is made by quam ; as,
- How learned is he? How quickly you are returned?
ALikewiſe befoze berbs when no queſtion is asked, but rather ad-
| miration and paſſion expzefſed it is made by quam ; as, Oh how I
' deſire! How fain would I ! How I am troubled ! How vexed
am 1 ! and the like.
How ſometimes unde, qui, ur. '
How many, quot; How great, quantus; How long, quamdiug ,
How farre, quouſque; How long will it be ere, quando tans*
dem ; How long is it ance, quam pridem ; How long is it to?”
quam procul abeſt ? 4 ;
Howſoever , quoquo modo , quomodocungnez utcunque
ac ut, Y* p..
=
a £..*
=—
*
N9
The Engliſh Accidenee]
No.
-No without a ſubſtantive, is made in Latine by non, v2 ſome 0»
thec adberb of denying, but with a ſubſtantive it is the ſame that
none, and to be made inLatine by nullus: as, No {crvant can ſerve
two Maſters:pet intþis caſe likewiſe pou may put non foe no, if
you place it right.
About.
} Round about, When about fs jopned with a wozd of place, it is made in Lating
if bp circa, oz circum: as,' A good Captaine will walk about his
=: - Camps, |
| Almoſt. When abour is jopned with a wozd of time it is made In Latine
i by quaſt, circiter, fere: as, It is now abour ten of the clock; ofub
and an accuſattbe. |
'2
| tine by de; as, We was ſpceking about your bulineſſe.
= Ready. Sometimes about is part of the {ignification of the verh: as, To
_*T goe about a thing; to bring a thing about: oz ofa Participle of the
: future tenſe when it (s as nuich as ready.
CS. Over.
L -Beyond, W ben over ts as much as beyond,if is mabe in Latine by ultraz
'% ac, you ſhot over the mark, 1. beyond.
© Aftet words of UWWhen over comes befoze perſons and things which doe not
ulc,power, ſignify place, it ts made by in and an accuſative : as, God made
| cxr4; 14h. varf man to rule over all his other creatures, Let not mine enemies
P +4 «hi eriumph over me. Have thou authority over ten cities.
56 and the —*Over night,pridic nofte,nodte priore; Over againft,e regione
G10 e407. with a Genitive, contra with an Accuſative.
over againe, ſometime over is part of the fgnification of the wozd going be-
/ WJ ICU; Eoze: a6, to repeat over, to roll over.
to day, over he. was yeſterday, i. in compariſon of what he was
yeſterday. "Y
Sometimes.gver þatþ the fgnification of after pz within: = :
"e ” # % | a = = .
. L & |
1 Concerning. When about ſignifies as much as concerning, it (8 made in La-
Over ſometimes is aSmuch as in compariſon of : as, he is well ”
L
The English Accidence;
and the like by per and an accuſatibe caſe, oz by an ablative only.
UWhben over figntties above, it is made in Latine by ſupra : as,
The heaven is over our heads.
When over is as much as overthwart, oz croſle, it is made by
trans: as, Weare carryed over the ſcas in Ships. I will not move
over the threſhold,
When over {s jopned with v2rbs ſignifp;ng motion, it is made by
per, and ſometimes tcans; as, He led his Army over rocks and
mountaines:and if the motion be above the place, then by ſuper:as,
A Crow flew ovec my houlc.
Under.
ſubter; gs, The clouds are under his teet.
E UWben under lignifies ſhort of, not ſo muck as,and the like, it Leſſe ther.
is made in Latine by cis,'oz citra, paucior quam, 02 non: as, There
were {lain in the battail under forty men. I will not ſell it under Mjngrs- 7
two ſhillings.
Sometimes under is part of the fignitication of the verb; as, To
Keep under; to bring under.
Soever.
Wozds thaf in Engliſh end in ſoever,in Latin end in cunque:as,
whatſoever, whenſoever,whereſoever:ſo that if you babe but the La-
tin of the wozd going befoze, you may ealily make your wozd by put-
ting to cunque,
J111CEs
Since goberning a caſe is madeby a, ab, oz ex: as, Since the be-
ginning of the world: Since dinner; Since prayers.
UWhen lance is a Conjunction,and figniffes as much as ſince that,
ſeeing that, oz becauſc,it is made in Latine by cung,qQnando, quan»
doquidem: gs, Since God is both able and williffy, why doe wee
daubi? *
| | J 2 |
ſhall be here againe over a day or two, &. aftera day or two, oz
withina day or two. All the world over, all Chriſtendome over,
When under is as much as below, it is made in Latine by ſfub,oz Below.
ne
.
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f;.-So likewiſe by
rum and peſt-
| Qua,
199
_ bf moze then one; bp vos,
*
' * I LEY
- The Engliſh Accidence.
Then ſince ſignifies time ,it is made by cx quo [ tempore] be-
ing underſtood:as, It is now a yeare ſince ] ſaw him, Sg ever fince:
ag, I have loved him, ever fincel ſaw him. |
1Sut v hen ſince fignifies from that time, {f is made by -ex illo:
tempore being underſtsod oz erpzeſt: as, 1 heard his eloquent Ora-
tion, and admircd him ever ſince. Pet in this caſe it map be made
by ex quo ,if rou put it in the beginning of the ſentence : Sincefo92
hence, abhinc; ag, ſeven dayes ſince, v2 by ante:
So much worth, more worth, &c. 11 \
Are made by tanti, quanti,majoris,minoris, &c. as, It is not ſo
much worth. He was more worth then all the whole City,
* But worth being joyned with paines, labour and the like, it is
made in Latine by operz prettum, and ſometimgs by operz alone -
precium being undert@d: as, It will not be worth your labour;
It is not worth the while; it will ſcarce be worth the:time; ic wil
be worth my paines. -
Worth after wogds of coines, makes the coines tobe the Geni=
tive caſe; as, Two huudred penny worth of bread will not ſuffice; \ |
the bread of two hundred pennies. |
Sutftantives becomming Adjelives.
When the names of places, times, metals, materials, 6c. are
joyned vith other Subſten'Iibes, they become Adjectives : as, A
London.,merchant ; a morning prayer; a braſſe pot; a glalle win-
dow:the fea water.
Rules concerning Pronounes.
Toy your.
When you ſpeaks only of one,it 1s made in Latine by tw, when
29 when your is meant but-of one, it is made þy tuus; When of
moze. by veſter;
- =
wt . Of
_ -—_
TOI Le a es os —
% - F+ 4 i a.
The Engliſh Acciden ce.
Of mine, of thine, ofyours,&e. 6 1
When of comes after a ſubſtantive, befoze a pzonoune, nothing _ ,.. _
muft de made foz of, but the Pzonoune put in1þe ſame caſe with the -.- * *.
ſubſtantive going befoze : as, A brother of his rold a friend ot "> ep
mine, thata Kinſman of yours, ſaw a booke of hers, in a cham- | |
ber of ours, |
Selfe, owne.
When ſelte, 02 own ſelfe; ſelves, o2 own ſelves; are Joyned
with Pzonounes , it is made by ipſe, 2, um, &c. in Sing. ipti,z,
a, &c. in Plur.
My, thy, our, your, his, her, him; their, befoze ſelte, 62 own 1
ſe1te,are Pzonouns ſubſtantibes: and made in Latine by cgo,tu,nos,
| vos, ille, i1li, illa.
_ Enhen own is put after a pzonoune without ſelfe, it is made by
ipfus; if pou ſpeak but of one; ipſorum, arum, orum, if you ſpeake
_ of moze then one; as, I mine own ſelte, with theſe mine own 'eyes,
| © fawyouyour ſelves, kill him with your own hands: 02 own witþ-
out ſelte map be made inLatine by proprius,a, um.
His, her, their.
_ When his, of his; her, of hers; their, of theirs, may habe own p*. {
J- -.. - put after them, they are made in Latine by ſuus, a, um: otherwiſe |
they are made by the genitive caſe of is, oz ille. :
So inthis caſe,bim,ber,tbem,wþen ſclfe may be added , ismade. 3,
by ſui,otherwiſe by is, oz 11le,
6 Nunes twice repeated.
Nounes twice repeated with a Pzepoſition become adberbs ; as,
one by one; man by man; from door to door; by little and little;
face to face; word for word.
\B5--
mw Verbs
Verbs Neuters.
Some Neuters, eſpecially verbs of moving, are often englifhed
like paſfives, and thentye englith which ſeemeth to be the pzoſent
tenſe, muſt be made by the pzoferperfec cenſe, and the englitþ of the
peterperfect, by the pzeterpluperfect: as, He was not come back in
the morniug, but now he is come back, I was gone abroad before
thou wer't rifcn.
Concerning Deponents.
If a paſſibe englilþ habe no Latine to be made bybut a Deponent,
- turne the Engliiþ into an active ſenſe: as, He istollowed by many;
f. many tollow him.He is overtaken by none,t.none overtake him.
Engliſh of the Participle of the preſent tenſe.
When the Engliſh of the participles of the p2eſent tenſe, comes
after the (ignesof berbs paſſive, then muſt that engliſh be made by
the berbof the ſame tenſe whereof tþey are (ignes; by a verb active,
tb"en action is ſignified; by a berb paſſive, when paſſion is ſignified:
as, What are you doing? Iam meditating. Whilſt I was running,
he is dancing. Will you be playing, when Iam reading? The ſup-
per is preparing; the meat is boyling.
But the Engliſh of this Participle immediately after berbs of mc-
tion, is made by the firſt ſupine: as, He is gone a hunting.
The Englifþ of the Partictple of the pzeſent tenſe, after a pzepo-
fition ſerving to the ablative caſe,is co:nmmonly made by the Gerund
in do : as, In playing, from reading, oteating.
15ut when the Englilh of the Participle of the pzeſent tenſe hath
a paepolition betoz? it, and governes a caie after it, it is to be made
by a Participle indus, and both it and the caſe that comes after it,
mult be ſuch caſe as the pzepoſition requires ; In curing of diſeaſes
doe nuthing rafhly. For the confuting of which errour, I willuſe
no arguments, Abſtaine from reading of unchaſt books,
.. 0+.
Two
\ The Engliſh Accidence; - "i
"z
&, 4 The Engliſh Acciden ce, -
Wo -
Two generall neceſſary Rules,
F tbe cafe be far off from the verb, oz after the noune,
the ſenſe nic virec a may to place the wozds in their naturall
o2der : and 1f 217 thing be undciſtood, it muſt be ſupplyed out of the
ſenſe: as, Whom did you giveyour book to? t. to whom. What
is he good for? ft, for what, This is the man I told you oft. of
' whom I cold you.God hath in all times ſaved his children, What
{aid I? hatk,f. ſaved; yea, doth, it. ſave, and alwayes will;j. fave.
If a pbzaſe ſecme hard in Engliſh to be turned into Latine,turne
it into ſome other Englilþ of the like ſente: as, I ſhould be loath to
/ Fdoſotoyou;i.Iwouldnot willingly do fo to you. My heart
miſgave me. i. my mind was ſtruck with feare. He looked like an
honeſt man: t.he ſeemed an honeft man; oz he had the face of an
honeſt man. He ftruck & great ſtroke in the buſineſle. j. hedid
| very much in the buſineſle. |
CC —.. — —h— ——__
tt nn In m—_—_—
Poſiſcript. ,
Or the better making uſe of this laſt Rule, which is of
F very great uſe in the turning of Engliſh into Latine, it
were not amiſſe, as ſoone as a child is capable, to exerciſe
himin turning an Engliſh argument into anotfier Engliſh,
| - ofthe ſame ſenſe,by varying the phraſe.
, En
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